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Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Fern.
American hogpeanut

 

Kingdom  Plantae -- Plants

Subkingdom  Tracheobionta -- Vascular plants

Superdivision  Spermatophyta -- Seed plants

Division  Magnoliophyta -- Flowering plants

Class  Magnoliopsida -- Dicotyledons

Subclass  Rosidae

Order  Fabales

Family  Fabaceae -- Pea family

Genus  Amphicarpaea Ell. ex Nutt. -- hogpeanut P

Species  Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Fern. -- American hogpeanut P

 

Alternate Names

Wild peanut

 

Uses

Ethnobotanic: The hogpeanut was used by many tribes of the Plains as a food source.  The Pawnee are reported to have gathered hogpeanut from rat’s nests.  The Chippewa used the hogpeanut for a food source, eating the fruit and roots.  They also used it as a digestive aid.  The Cherokee would spit a tea made from the root of hogpeanut on snakebites and consume the root tea to aid in diarrhea.

 

Status

Please consult the PLANTS Web site and your State Department of Natural Resources for this plant’s current status (e.g. threatened or endangered species, state noxious status, and wetland indicator values).

 

Description

General: Bean Family (Fabaceae). American hogpeanut is a taprooted, native, annual.  The stems can be smooth or covered with short hairs and coil around a support for climbing (2-20 dm tall).  The leaves are alternate, compound and with 3 leaflets.  Leaflets are broadly lanceolate to ovate.  The leaf stalks (petioles) are 2-10 cm long.  The hogpeanut produces two sorts of flowers.  The first is an unbranched, elongated inflorescence with pedicellate flowers maturing from the bottom up.  These flowers open before fertilization and are usually cross-pollinated (chasmogamous).  The other flowers are self-fertilized without opening (cleistogamous) and are produced on creeping branches near the ground.  The fruit is a sickle-shaped, thin-walled legume, 4-6 mm long.

 

Distribution: For current distribution, please consult the Plant Profile page for this species on the PLANTS Web site.

 

Habitat: American hogpeanut is found in dry or moist woodlands, along roadsides, and in prairie ravines.

 

Establishment

American hogpeanut, as a member of the bean family, will fix nitrogen that will benefit plants growing around it.  American hogpeanut requires a moist, humus-rich soil.  To germinate the seeds, pre-soak them for 12 hours in warm water and sow them in the spring in a semi-shaded area.

 

Pests and Potential Problems

Grown in its native habitat and using a local seed stock the American hogpeanut should not be prone to debilitating pests. 

 

Cultivars, Improved, and Selected Materials (and area of origin)

These materials are readily available from commercial plant sources. 

 

References

Correl, D.S. & M.C. Johnston 1970. Manual of the vascular plants of Texas. Texas Research Foundation, Renner, Texas. 1881 pp.

 

Densmore, F. 1974. How indians use wild plants for food, medicine, and crafts. Dover Publications Inc., New York, New York. 397pp.

 

Plants for a Future 2001.  Amphicarpaea bracteata.  Devon, England.  <https://www.ibiblio.org/pfaf/cgi-bin/arr_html?Amphicarpaea+bracteata >.  Accessed 20NOV01.

 

Gilmore, M. 1977. Uses of plants by the indians of the Missouri river region. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, Nebraska. 109 pp.

 

Great Plains Flora Association 1986. Flora of the great plains. University Press of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas. 1392 pp.

 

Hamel, P.B. & M.U. Chiltoskey 1975. Cherokee plants their uses-a 400 year history. Herald Publishing Company, Sylva, North Carolina. 65 pp.

 

Kindscher, K. 1987. Edible wild plants of the prairie. University Press of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas. 276 pp.

 

Moerman, D.E. 1998. Native American ethnobotany. Timber press, Portland, Oregon. 927 pp.

 

Moerman, D.E. 1999. Native American ethnobotany database: Foods, drugs, dyes and fibers of native North American peoples. The University of Michigan-Dearborn. https://www.umd.umich.edu/cgi-bin/herb.

 

Prepared By:

Matthew D. Hurteau

Formerly USDA NRCS National Plant Data Center, c/o Environmental Horticulture Department, University of California, Davis, California

 

Species Coordinator:

M. Kat Anderson

USDA NRCS National Plant Data Center, c/o Plant Science Department, University of California, Davis, California

 

Edited: 29jan03 jsp; 09jun03 ahv; 30may06jsp

 

For more information about this and other plants, please contact your local NRCS field office or Conservation District, and visit the PLANTS Web site<https://plants.usda.gov> or the Plant Materials Program Web site <https://Plant-Materials.nrcs.usda.gov>

 

 

Attribution:  U.S. Department of Agriculture