Plant Guide

Crataegus intricata Lange
Copenhagen hawthorn

Kingdom Plantae -- Plants

Subkingdom Tracheobionta -- Vascular plants

Superdivision Spermatophyta -- Seed plants

Division Magnoliophyta -- Flowering plants

Class Magnoliopsida -- Dicotyledons

Subclass Rosidae

Order Rosales

Family Rosaceae -- Rose family

Genus Crataegus L. -- hawthorn P

Species Crataegus intricata Lange -- Copenhagen hawthorn P

Alternative Name

Entangled hawthorn

Uses

Erosion Control: Because it tolerates a wide variety of sites, it can be planted to stabilize banks, for shelterbelts, and for erosion control.

Timber: Although the wood is hard and strong, it has no commercial value except for tool handles and other small items.

Beautification: Excellent for environmental plantings including small specimen tree, shrub border.

Wildlife: It provides excellent food and cover for wildlife.

Status

Please consult the PLANTS Web site and your State Department of Natural Resources for this plant’s current status, such as, state noxious status and wetland indicator values.

Description

General: Rose Family (Rosaceae). It is a large native shrub or small tree that grows three to ten feet high. Branches contain curved thorns 1-1.5 inches long. Leaves are generally broadest at or below the middle, shallow and sharply lobed, dark green and smooth to hairy. White flowers are produced in clusters. Fruits are broadest above the middle and red, orange, yellow, or green.

Distribution: Copenhagen hawthorn grows from Massachusetts to Michigan, south North Carolina, and Indiana.

Adaptation

Although Copenhagen hawthorn will succeed in partial shade and different soil types, it grows best in full sunlight and well-drained loamy soils. It will tolerate wet soils before becoming drought tolerant once established. It is also wind tolerant making it a good tree species in shelterbelt planting. It is tolerant of atmospheric pollution and performs well in urban settings.

Establishment

Propagation from Seed or Grafting: Copenhagen hawthorn can be propagated by either seeds or grafting. Successful propagation using seeds requires acid scarification followed by warm stratification and prechilling. Seeds, whose numbers per lb. varies with species, are planted early in the fall, in drill rows eight to twelve inches apart and covered with 1/4 inch of soil. Seedlings must not be kept in the nursery longer than a year.

Containerized trees should be planted when they are no more than eight feet tall, in the fall or spring. Balled and burlapped trees should be planted in early spring.

Grafting on seedling stock of Crataegus oxyacantha or Crataegus monogyna is best carried out in the winter to early spring.

Management

Pruning should be done in the winter or early spring in order to maintain a clear shoot leader on young trees and/or remove the weakest branches to allow more light to pass through. Suckers or stems arising from the roots should be removed when they become noticeable.

Pest and Potential Problems

Although insects and diseases seldom affect Copenhagen hawthorn, it is susceptible to fireblight, cedar-hawthorn rust, cedar-quince rust, leaf blight, fruit rot, and leaf spot.

Cultivars, Improved and Selected Materials (and area of origin)

Consult you local nurseries to choose the right cultivar for your specific landscape. Contact your local Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly Soil Conservation Service) office for more information. Look in the phone book under ”United States Government.” The Natural Resources Conservation Service will be listed under the subheading “Department of Agriculture.”

References

Britton, N.L. & A. Brown 1913. An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions. Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York, New York. Scanned by Kentucky Native Plant Society and made available through PLANTS.

Dirr, M.A. 1990. Manual of woody landscape plants: their identification, ornamental characteristics, culture, propagation and uses. 3^rd ed. Stipes, Champaign, Illinois.

Duncan, W.H. & M.B. Duncan 1988. Trees of the Southeastern United States. University of Georgia Press, Athens, Georgia.

Elias, T.S. 1989. Field guide to North American trees. Revised ed. Grolier Book Clubs Inc., Danbury, Connecticut.

Flint, H.L. 1983. Landscape plants for eastern North America. John Wiley and Sons, Inc, New York, New York.

Harrar, E.S. & J.G. Harrar. 1962. Guide to southern trees. 2^nd ed. Dover Publications, Inc., New York, New York.

Little, E.E. 1996. National Audubon Society field guide to North American trees: Eastern region. Alfred A. Knopf, New York, New York.

USDA Forest Service 1974. Seeds of woody plants in the United States. Agricultural Handbook 450. USDA, Washington, DC.

USDA Forest Service 1990. Silvics of North America. Agricultural Handbook 654. Forest Service, USDA, Washington, DC.

Young, J. A. & C.G. Young. 1992. Seeds of woody plants in North America. Revised and enlarged ed. Dioscorides Press, Portland, Oregon

Prepared By

Alfredo "Fred" B. Lorenzo

Formerly Southern University and A&M College

College of Agricultural, Family and Consumer Sciences, Baton Rouge, Louisiana

Species Coordinator

Lincoln M. Moore

USDA, NRCS, National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana

Edited: 10jan02 jsp; 05jun06 jsp

For more information about this and other plants, please contact your local NRCS field office or Conservation District, and visit the PLANTS Web site<https://plants.usda.gov> or the Plant Materials Program Web site <https://Plant-Materials.nrcs.usda.gov

Attribution: U.S. Department of Agriculture