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Plant Guide

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Andropogon hallii Hack.
sand bluestem
ANHA

Summary

Duration

Perennial

Growth Habit

Graminoid

U.S. Nativity

Native to U.S.

Federal T/E Status

 

National Wetland Indicator

 

 

Morphology/Physiology

Active Growth Period

Summer

After Harvest Regrowth Rate

Moderate

Bloat

None

C:N Ratio

Medium

Coppice Potential

No

Fall Conspicuous

No

Fire Resistant

No

Flower Color

Yellow

Flower Conspicuous

No

Foliage Color

Green

Foliage Porosity Summer

Moderate

Foliage Porosity Winter

Porous

Foliage Texture

Coarse

Fruit/Seed Color

Brown

Fruit/Seed Conspicuous

No

Growth Form

Bunch

Growth Rate

Moderate

Height at 20 Years, Maximum (feet)

 

Height, Mature (feet)

6.1

Known Allelopath

No

Leaf Retention

No

Lifespan

Moderate

Low Growing Grass

No

Nitrogen Fixation

 

Resprout Ability

No

Shape and Orientation

Erect

Toxicity

None

 

Growth Requirements

Adapted to Coarse Textured Soils

Yes

Adapted to Fine Textured Soils

No

Adapted to Medium Textured Soils

No

Anaerobic Tolerance

Medium

CaCO3 Tolerance

High

Cold Stratification Required

No

Drought Tolerance

High

Fertility Requirement

High

Fire Tolerance

Low

Frost Free Days, Minimum

120

Hedge Tolerance

None

Moisture Use

Medium

pH, Minimum

5.6

pH, Maximum

8.4

Planting Density per Acre, Minimum

 

Planting Density per Acre, Maximum

 

Precipitation, Minimum

10

Precipitation, Maximum

32

Root Depth, Minimum (inches)

20

Salinity Tolerance

Low

Shade Tolerance

Intolerant

Temperature, Minimum (°F)

-38

 

Reproduction

Bloom Period

Mid Summer

Commercial Availability

Routinely Available

Fruit/Seed Abundance

Medium

Fruit/Seed Period Begin

Fall

Fruit/Seed Period End

Fall

Fruit/Seed Persistence

No

Propagated by Bare Root

No

Propagated by Bulb

No

Propagated by Container

No

Propagated by Corm

No

Propagated by Cuttings

No

Propagated by Seed

Yes

Propagated by Sod

No

Propagated by Sprigs

No

Propagated by Tubers

No

Seed per Pound

96640

Seed Spread Rate

Slow

Seedling Vigor

Medium

Small Grain

No

Vegetative Spread Rate

Slow

 

Suitability/Use

Berry/Nut/Seed Product

No

Christmas Tree Product

No

Fodder Product

Yes

Fuelwood Product

None

Lumber Product

No

Naval Store Product

No

Nursery Stock Product

No

Palatable Browse Animal

Medium

Palatable Graze Animal

High

Palatable Human

No

Post Product

No

Protein Potential

Medium

Pulpwood Product

No

Veneer Product

No

 

Andropogon hallii Hack.
sand bluestem
ANHA
Cultivar: Cherry

Summary

Duration

Perennial

Growth Habit

Graminoid

U.S. Nativity

Native to U.S.

Federal T/E Status

 

National Wetland Indicator

 

 

Morphology/Physiology

Active Growth Period

Summer

After Harvest Regrowth Rate

Moderate

Bloat

None

C:N Ratio

Medium

Coppice Potential

No

Fall Conspicuous

No

Fire Resistant

No

Flower Color

Yellow

Flower Conspicuous

No

Foliage Color

Green

Foliage Porosity Summer

Moderate

Foliage Porosity Winter

Porous

Foliage Texture

Coarse

Fruit/Seed Color

Brown

Fruit/Seed Conspicuous

No

Growth Form

Rhizomatous

Growth Rate

Moderate

Height at 20 Years, Maximum (feet)

 

Height, Mature (feet)

6.1

Known Allelopath

No

Leaf Retention

No

Lifespan

Moderate

Low Growing Grass

No

Nitrogen Fixation

 

Resprout Ability

No

Shape and Orientation

Erect

Toxicity

None

 

Growth Requirements

Adapted to Coarse Textured Soils

Yes

Adapted to Fine Textured Soils

No

Adapted to Medium Textured Soils

No

Anaerobic Tolerance

Medium

CaCO3 Tolerance

Low

Cold Stratification Required

No

Drought Tolerance

High

Fertility Requirement

High

Fire Tolerance

High

Frost Free Days, Minimum

120

Hedge Tolerance

None

Moisture Use

Low

pH, Minimum

5.6

pH, Maximum

8.4

Planting Density per Acre, Minimum

 

Planting Density per Acre, Maximum

 

Precipitation, Minimum

10

Precipitation, Maximum

30

Root Depth, Minimum (inches)

20

Salinity Tolerance

Low

Shade Tolerance

Intolerant

Temperature, Minimum (°F)

-23

 

Reproduction

Bloom Period

Mid Summer

Commercial Availability

Routinely Available

Fruit/Seed Abundance

High

Fruit/Seed Period Begin

Summer

Fruit/Seed Period End

Fall

Fruit/Seed Persistence

No

Propagated by Bare Root

No

Propagated by Bulb

No

Propagated by Container

No

Propagated by Corm

No

Propagated by Cuttings

No

Propagated by Seed

Yes

Propagated by Sod

No

Propagated by Sprigs

No

Propagated by Tubers

No

Seed per Pound

96640

Seed Spread Rate

Slow

Seedling Vigor

Medium

Small Grain

No

Vegetative Spread Rate

Rapid

 

Suitability/Use

Berry/Nut/Seed Product

No

Christmas Tree Product

No

Fodder Product

Yes

Fuelwood Product

None

Lumber Product

No

Naval Store Product

No

Nursery Stock Product

No

Palatable Browse Animal

Medium

Palatable Graze Animal

High

Palatable Human

No

Post Product

No

Protein Potential

Medium

Pulpwood Product

No

Veneer Product

No

 

Andropogon hallii Hack.
sand bluestem
ANHA
Cultivar: Elida

Summary

Duration

Perennial

Growth Habit

Graminoid

U.S. Nativity

Native to U.S.

Federal T/E Status

 

National Wetland Indicator

 

 

Morphology/Physiology

Active Growth Period

Summer

After Harvest Regrowth Rate

Moderate

Bloat

None

C:N Ratio

Medium

Coppice Potential

No

Fall Conspicuous

No

Fire Resistant

No

Flower Color

Yellow

Flower Conspicuous

No

Foliage Color

Green

Foliage Porosity Summer

Moderate

Foliage Porosity Winter

Porous

Foliage Texture

Coarse

Fruit/Seed Color

Brown

Fruit/Seed Conspicuous

No

Growth Form

Rhizomatous

Growth Rate

Moderate

Height at 20 Years, Maximum (feet)

 

Height, Mature (feet)

6.1

Known Allelopath

No

Leaf Retention

No

Lifespan

Moderate

Low Growing Grass

No

Nitrogen Fixation

 

Resprout Ability

No

Shape and Orientation

Erect

Toxicity

None

 

Growth Requirements

Adapted to Coarse Textured Soils

Yes

Adapted to Fine Textured Soils

No

Adapted to Medium Textured Soils

No

Anaerobic Tolerance

Medium

CaCO3 Tolerance

Low

Cold Stratification Required

No

Drought Tolerance

High

Fertility Requirement

High

Fire Tolerance

High

Frost Free Days, Minimum

120

Hedge Tolerance

None

Moisture Use

Low

pH, Minimum

5.6

pH, Maximum

8.4

Planting Density per Acre, Minimum

 

Planting Density per Acre, Maximum

 

Precipitation, Minimum

10

Precipitation, Maximum

30

Root Depth, Minimum (inches)

20

Salinity Tolerance

Low

Shade Tolerance

Intolerant

Temperature, Minimum (°F)

-23

 

Reproduction

Bloom Period

Mid Summer

Commercial Availability

Routinely Available

Fruit/Seed Abundance

High

Fruit/Seed Period Begin

Summer

Fruit/Seed Period End

Fall

Fruit/Seed Persistence

No

Propagated by Bare Root

No

Propagated by Bulb

No

Propagated by Container

No

Propagated by Corm

No

Propagated by Cuttings

No

Propagated by Seed

Yes

Propagated by Sod

No

Propagated by Sprigs

No

Propagated by Tubers

No

Seed per Pound

96640

Seed Spread Rate

Slow

Seedling Vigor

Medium

Small Grain

No

Vegetative Spread Rate

Rapid

 

Suitability/Use

Berry/Nut/Seed Product

No

Christmas Tree Product

No

Fodder Product

Yes

Fuelwood Product

None

Lumber Product

No

Naval Store Product

No

Nursery Stock Product

No

Palatable Browse Animal

Medium

Palatable Graze Animal

High

Palatable Human

No

Post Product

No

Protein Potential

Medium

Pulpwood Product

No

Veneer Product

No

 

Andropogon hallii Hack.
sand bluestem
ANHA
Cultivar: Garden

Summary

Duration

Perennial

Growth Habit

Graminoid

U.S. Nativity

Native to U.S.

Federal T/E Status

 

National Wetland Indicator

 

 

Morphology/Physiology

Active Growth Period

Summer

After Harvest Regrowth Rate

Moderate

Bloat

None

C:N Ratio

Medium

Coppice Potential

No

Fall Conspicuous

No

Fire Resistant

No

Flower Color

Yellow

Flower Conspicuous

No

Foliage Color

Green

Foliage Porosity Summer

Moderate

Foliage Porosity Winter

Porous

Foliage Texture

Coarse

Fruit/Seed Color

Brown

Fruit/Seed Conspicuous

No

Growth Form

Rhizomatous

Growth Rate

Moderate

Height at 20 Years, Maximum (feet)

 

Height, Mature (feet)

6.2

Known Allelopath

No

Leaf Retention

No

Lifespan

Moderate

Low Growing Grass

No

Nitrogen Fixation

 

Resprout Ability

No

Shape and Orientation

Erect

Toxicity

None

 

Growth Requirements

Adapted to Coarse Textured Soils

Yes

Adapted to Fine Textured Soils

No

Adapted to Medium Textured Soils

No

Anaerobic Tolerance

Medium

CaCO3 Tolerance

Low

Cold Stratification Required

No

Drought Tolerance

High

Fertility Requirement

High

Fire Tolerance

High

Frost Free Days, Minimum

120

Hedge Tolerance

None

Moisture Use

Low

pH, Minimum

5.6

pH, Maximum

8.4

Planting Density per Acre, Minimum

 

Planting Density per Acre, Maximum

 

Precipitation, Minimum

10

Precipitation, Maximum

30

Root Depth, Minimum (inches)

20

Salinity Tolerance

Low

Shade Tolerance

Intolerant

Temperature, Minimum (°F)

-38

 

Reproduction

Bloom Period

Mid Summer

Commercial Availability

Routinely Available

Fruit/Seed Abundance

High

Fruit/Seed Period Begin

Summer

Fruit/Seed Period End

Fall

Fruit/Seed Persistence

No

Propagated by Bare Root

No

Propagated by Bulb

No

Propagated by Container

No

Propagated by Corm

No

Propagated by Cuttings

No

Propagated by Seed

Yes

Propagated by Sod

No

Propagated by Sprigs

No

Propagated by Tubers

No

Seed per Pound

96640

Seed Spread Rate

Slow

Seedling Vigor

Medium

Small Grain

No

Vegetative Spread Rate

Rapid

 

Suitability/Use

Berry/Nut/Seed Product

No

Christmas Tree Product

No

Fodder Product

Yes

Fuelwood Product

None

Lumber Product

No

Naval Store Product

No

Nursery Stock Product

No

Palatable Browse Animal

Medium

Palatable Graze Animal

High

Palatable Human

No

Post Product

No

Protein Potential

Medium

Pulpwood Product

No

Veneer Product

No

 

Andropogon hallii Hack.
sand bluestem
ANHA
Cultivar: Goldstrike

Summary

Duration

Perennial

Growth Habit

Graminoid

U.S. Nativity

Native to U.S.

Federal T/E Status

 

National Wetland Indicator

 

 

Morphology/Physiology

Active Growth Period

Summer

After Harvest Regrowth Rate

Moderate

Bloat

None

C:N Ratio

Medium

Coppice Potential

No

Fall Conspicuous

No

Fire Resistant

No

Flower Color

Yellow

Flower Conspicuous

No

Foliage Color

Green

Foliage Porosity Summer

Moderate

Foliage Porosity Winter

Porous

Foliage Texture

Coarse

Fruit/Seed Color

Brown

Fruit/Seed Conspicuous

No

Growth Form

Rhizomatous

Growth Rate

Moderate

Height at 20 Years, Maximum (feet)

 

Height, Mature (feet)

6.2

Known Allelopath

No

Leaf Retention

No

Lifespan

Moderate

Low Growing Grass

No

Nitrogen Fixation

 

Resprout Ability

No

Shape and Orientation

Erect

Toxicity

None

 

Growth Requirements

Adapted to Coarse Textured Soils

Yes

Adapted to Fine Textured Soils

No

Adapted to Medium Textured Soils

No

Anaerobic Tolerance

Medium

CaCO3 Tolerance

Low

Cold Stratification Required

No

Drought Tolerance

High

Fertility Requirement

High

Fire Tolerance

High

Frost Free Days, Minimum

120

Hedge Tolerance

None

Moisture Use

Low

pH, Minimum

5.6

pH, Maximum

8.4

Planting Density per Acre, Minimum

 

Planting Density per Acre, Maximum

 

Precipitation, Minimum

10

Precipitation, Maximum

30

Root Depth, Minimum (inches)

20

Salinity Tolerance

Low

Shade Tolerance

Intolerant

Temperature, Minimum (°F)

-38

 

Reproduction

Bloom Period

Mid Summer

Commercial Availability

Routinely Available

Fruit/Seed Abundance

High

Fruit/Seed Period Begin

Summer

Fruit/Seed Period End

Fall

Fruit/Seed Persistence

No

Propagated by Bare Root

No

Propagated by Bulb

No

Propagated by Container

No

Propagated by Corm

No

Propagated by Cuttings

No

Propagated by Seed

Yes

Propagated by Sod

No

Propagated by Sprigs

No

Propagated by Tubers

No

Seed per Pound

96640

Seed Spread Rate

Slow

Seedling Vigor

Medium

Small Grain

No

Vegetative Spread Rate

Rapid

 

Suitability/Use

Berry/Nut/Seed Product

No

Christmas Tree Product

No

Fodder Product

Yes

Fuelwood Product

None

Lumber Product

No

Naval Store Product

No

Nursery Stock Product

No

Palatable Browse Animal

Medium

Palatable Graze Animal

High

Palatable Human

No

Post Product

No

Protein Potential

Medium

Pulpwood Product

No

Veneer Product

No

 

Andropogon hallii Hack.
sand bluestem
ANHA
Cultivar: Woodward

Summary

Duration

Perennial

Growth Habit

Graminoid

U.S. Nativity

Native to U.S.

Federal T/E Status

 

National Wetland Indicator

 

 

Morphology/Physiology

Active Growth Period

Summer

After Harvest Regrowth Rate

Moderate

Bloat

None

C:N Ratio

Medium

Coppice Potential

No

Fall Conspicuous

No

Fire Resistant

No

Flower Color

Yellow

Flower Conspicuous

No

Foliage Color

Green

Foliage Porosity Summer

Moderate

Foliage Porosity Winter

Porous

Foliage Texture

Coarse

Fruit/Seed Color

Brown

Fruit/Seed Conspicuous

No

Growth Form

Rhizomatous

Growth Rate

Moderate

Height at 20 Years, Maximum (feet)

 

Height, Mature (feet)

6.4

Known Allelopath

No

Leaf Retention

No

Lifespan

Moderate

Low Growing Grass

No

Nitrogen Fixation

 

Resprout Ability

No

Shape and Orientation

Erect

Toxicity

None

 

Growth Requirements

Adapted to Coarse Textured Soils

Yes

Adapted to Fine Textured Soils

No

Adapted to Medium Textured Soils

No

Anaerobic Tolerance

Medium

CaCO3 Tolerance

Low

Cold Stratification Required

No

Drought Tolerance

High

Fertility Requirement

High

Fire Tolerance

High

Frost Free Days, Minimum

150

Hedge Tolerance

None

Moisture Use

Low

pH, Minimum

5.6

pH, Maximum

8.4

Planting Density per Acre, Minimum

 

Planting Density per Acre, Maximum

 

Precipitation, Minimum

10

Precipitation, Maximum

30

Root Depth, Minimum (inches)

20

Salinity Tolerance

Low

Shade Tolerance

Intolerant

Temperature, Minimum (°F)

-13

 

Reproduction

Bloom Period

Mid Summer

Commercial Availability

Routinely Available

Fruit/Seed Abundance

High

Fruit/Seed Period Begin

Summer

Fruit/Seed Period End

Fall

Fruit/Seed Persistence

No

Propagated by Bare Root

No

Propagated by Bulb

No

Propagated by Container

No

Propagated by Corm

No

Propagated by Cuttings

No

Propagated by Seed

Yes

Propagated by Sod

No

Propagated by Sprigs

No

Propagated by Tubers

No

Seed per Pound

96640

Seed Spread Rate

Slow

Seedling Vigor

Medium

Small Grain

No

Vegetative Spread Rate

Rapid

 

Suitability/Use

Berry/Nut/Seed Product

No

Christmas Tree Product

No

Fodder Product

Yes

Fuelwood Product

None

Lumber Product

No

Naval Store Product

No

Nursery Stock Product

No

Palatable Browse Animal

Medium

Palatable Graze Animal

High

Palatable Human

No

Post Product

No

Protein Potential

Medium

Pulpwood Product

No

Veneer Product

No

 

Kingdom  Plantae -- Plants

Subkingdom  Tracheobionta -- Vascular plants

Superdivision  Spermatophyta -- Seed plants

Division  Magnoliophyta -- Flowering plants

Class  Liliopsida -- Monocotyledons

Subclass  Commelinidae

Order  Cyperales

Family  Poaceae -- Grass family

Genus  Andropogon L. -- bluestem P

Species  Andropogon hallii Hack. -- sand bluestem P

 

Alternate Names

Sand hill bluestem, Hall's bluestem, Hall's beardgrass, prairie bluestem, and turkey-foot.

 

Key Web Sites

Extensive information about this species is linked to the Plants web site.  To access this information, go to the Plants web site, select this plant, and utilize the links at the bottom of the Plants Profile for this species. 

 

Uses

Erosion control: Sand bluestem is often used in erosion control plantings on sandy, loamy sand or sandy loam sites.  It establishes quickly on blowouts where its rhizomes aid in stabilizing sandy soils.  Generally, it is planted as part of a mixture with other warm season grasses.

 

Conservation Practices; Sand bluestem, because of its growth habit, is used with certain conservation practices; however, conservation practice standards and specifications vary by state.  By going to the e-FOTG website for your state you can read if this grass is applicable to your needs.  However, for specific county data it is best to consult the local NRCS Field Office. 

 

Forages: Sand bluestem is a good to excellent forage due to its palatability and high yield.  It is an important component of many native hay meadows and range pastures.  The nutritive value of sand bluestem rises and falls with the growing season.  It is high in crude protein and palatability until just prior to seed head formation. After seed heads are formed the nutritive value and palatability decreases significantly.

 

Wildlife: Sand bluestem is good to excellent forage for all browsing wildlife species.  Because it frequently grows in large clumps and retains an upright structure throughout the winter it makes an excellent nesting habitat for many upland birds and small mammals.  Wildlife also use the seeds as a food source.

 

Ornamental Landscaping: As xeric landscaping becomes more popular the use of sand bluestem has increased in yard plantings.  Because of its height and erect growth form many consider it an excellent plant for lawn and flowerbed borders.

 

Status

Please consult the PLANTS Web site and your State Department of Natural Resources for this plant’s current status (e.g. threatened or endangered species, state noxious status, and wetland indicator values).

 

Weediness

This plant rarely becomes weedy or invasive.  Please consult with your local NRCS Field Office, Cooperative Extension Service office, or state natural resource or agriculture department regarding its status and use.  Weed information is also available from the PLANTS Web site at plants.usda.gov.

 

Description

General: Grass Family (Poaceae).  Sand bluestem is a native, perennial, warm season bunch grass. Plants are glaucous; culms robust, often growing in large tufts, with prominent rhizomes reaching 4 to 8 inches in length and conspicuous hairy pedicels, rachis joints and seed heads.  In the best growing conditions it can reach 7 feet in height.  It has a J-shaped stem base, and the culms are solid, and grooved on one side.  The leaf blades have margins with none to few hairs, have prominent midribs, strongly ridged on the upper surface but not below.  The leaf collar is often hirsute.  Most leaves are found near the base.

 

Distribution: Sand bluestem occurs predominantly west of the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains and from Canada to Mexico.  For current distribution, please consult the Plant Profile page for this species on the PLANTS Web site.

 

Habitat: Sand bluestem is found on sandy, loamy sand or sandy loam soils.  It is found as part of a climax plant complex under good grazing or native hay meadow management.  It is not generally found where annual precipitation is less than 14 inches, greater than 30 inches or on soils with a high clay component.

 

Adaptation

Sand bluestem is climatically adapted throughout the mid-west and Great Plains Region on sandy, loamy sand or sandy loam soils.

 

Establishment

Sand bluestem should be seeded in the spring just prior to the start of the growing season.  A drill specifically built for seeding native grasses should be used.  It is best if the grass is seeded into a weed free cover crop.  The seeding rate can vary from 6 to 12 pounds Pure Live Seed (PLS) per acre.  The local NRCS Field Office should be consulted prior to ordering any seed to ensure the right amount and planting mixture is used.  Broadcast seeding will result in significantly fewer viable seedlings.  Broadcasting should only be done on small acreages where drilling is not physically feasible.  Applying commercial fertilizers to native grass seedings is more likely to result in competitive weed growth rather than improve grass establishment.  If the pH is below 5.5, lime should be incorporated into the soil prior to planting.  When possible a named variety suitable for your growing area should be used.  If this is not possible, a seed source closer than 400 miles to the south, 150 miles to the north or an elevation increase of 1,500 feet should be used.  Sand bluestem has relatively weak seedling vigor compared to weeds and cool season grasses; therefore, control of competition is necessary for successful stands.

 

No harvest of bluestem during the establishment period should be allowed.  After initial establishment, harvesting by controlled pasturing or haying is possible on good stands.  The first harvest should not commence until the bluestem is 20 inches tall.  It should be grazed (5 days maximum duration) or cut no lower than 8 inches and then protected from use until 20 inches in height is reached again.  No cropping should occur below 8 inches or within 1 month of anticipated frosts.  After a killing frost stands which have deep roots may be grazed.  High mowing (above the bluestem seedlings) should be done when the weeds reach a height of 6 to 8 inches.  Herbicide applications for weed control should be considered when weeds create more than 50 percent of the canopy.  All pesticides used must be Federally and locally registered and applied in accordance with authorized registered uses, directions on the label, and other Federal or State policies and requirements.

 

Prescribed burning can help remove weed mulch and standing vegetation from shading small seedlings and warm the ground in the early spring.  It is recommended a prescribed burning plan be made with your local NRCS Field Office prior to any actual burn.

 

Management

Native Hay Meadow: Meadows where sand bluestem is an important component of the plant community should be cut no closer than 4 inches above the soil.  Generally, it should be cut 1 to 3 weeks before seed head formation.  During seed head formation the nutrition and palatability of sand bluestem decreases significantly.  It is also important for the grass to be allowed to store carbohydrates in its root system for the next growing season.  Cutting late does not permit adequate regrowth of the leaf blades prior to frost for this to occur.  Regrowth is determined by the mowing date and weather conditions.  The meadow must be mowed before boot stage if significant regrowth can occur.  If the cut meadow is grazed livestock should only be placed on it after the first killing frost.

 

Livestock Grazing: Cattle and horses prefer sand bluestem over many other grasses and forbs it is normally associated with.  When sand bluestem is repeatedly overgrazed closer than 6 to 8 inches during the growing season it decreases in population and is replaced by less productive and desirable vegetation.  The old rule of thumb, "Take half and leave half", works well when dealing with sand bluestem.  Large creeping rhizomes help this grass endure overgrazing to some extent.  However, continual abuse causes this decreaser grass to lose health, develop a prostrate growth habit, and finally die out.  At the end of the grazing season the average height of sand bluestem plants in a well managed prairie should be at least 6 inches.  If the pasture is to be grazed during the winter the grass should be at least 8 inches tall to help trap snow and as a forage reserve.  

 

Prescribed burning can be a tool used to maintain or improve prairie ecosystems.  Fire can reduce competition from competitive cool-season grasses and remove many woody plant invaders.  However, because sand bluestem predominantly grows on sandy soils this must be taken into account or "blowouts" may occur.  When burning is planned it should be done when new spring shoots are 1/2 to 2 inches long.

 

Environmental Concerns

Sand bluestem is an important part of prairie ecosystems.  Due to land use changes much of the virgin prairie has disappeared.  When grass mixtures are recommended for erosion control, or wildlife habitat, sand bluestem can be a vital portion of the native habitat and should be included in all native prairie grass seedings.

 

Seeds and Plant Production

Sand bluestem is a poor viable seed producer in its native habitat. The main way this grass spreads is by its rhizomes.  The rhizomes grow from axillary buds during June and July, turn upward in late summer, and then remain dormant until the next spring growing season.

 

Cultivars, Improved, and Selected Materials (and area of origin)

There are 4 cultivars available as certified seed, i.e.

 

‘Elida’ selected at the NRCS PMC in Los Lunas, NM.  Adapted to Land Resource Region (LRR) G and H and Plant Hardiness Zone (PHZ) 5.  Additional information can be obtained at:  USDA-NRCS, Los Lunas PMC, 1036 Miller Street S.W., Los Lunas NM 87301 USA. 

 

‘Garden’ increased at the NRCS PMC in Scottsbluff, NE.   Adapted to LRR G and H and PHZ 4b.  Additional information can be obtained at:  USDA-NRCS, Kansas State Office, 760 South Broadway, Salina, KS 67401 USA.

 

‘Goldstrike’ bred by the Nebraska AES and USDA-ARS.  Adapted to LRR G and H and PHZ 4 and 5.  Additional information can be obtained at:  ARS-USDA, or Agronomy Department, University of Nebraska , Lincoln, NE 68583 USA.

 

‘Woodward’  released cooperatively by Oklahoma and Kansas Agricultural Experiment Stations and USDA-ARS.  Adapted to the Southern Great Plains.  Additional information can be obtained at:  USDA-NRCS, Manhattan PMC, 3800 South 20th Street, Manhattan, KS 66502-9535 USA.

 

References

Alderson, J. and Sharp, W.C.  1994.  Grass Varieties in the United States.  USDA Agriculture Handbook No. 170.  Washington, D.C. 20250 USA. Pp. 14-15.

 

Booth, W.E.  1972.  Grasses of Montana.  Montana State University.  Bozeman, Montana USA.  Pp. 5.

 

Featherly, H.I. 1946.  Manual of the Grasses of Oklahoma.  Bulletin of the Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College Volume 43 No. 21.  Stillwater, OK.  74074 USA.  Pp. 120.

 

Gates, F.C.  1937.  Grasses in Kansas.  Report of the Kansas State Board of Agriculture Volume LV No. 220-A.  Topeka, KS. USA.  Pp. 240.

 

Hitchcock, A.S. 1950.  Manual of the grasses of the United States.  USDA Miscellaneous Publication No. 200.  Agricultural Research Administration, Washington, D.C. 20250 USA.  Pp. 759.

 

Leithead, H.L., Yarlett, L.L., and Shiflet, T.N.  1971.  100 Native Forage Grasses in 11 Southern States.  USDA-SCS, Washington, D.C. 20250 USA Pp. 24-25.

 

Phillips Petroleum Company.  1963.  Pasture and Range Plants.  Bartlesville, OK 74004 USA.  Pp. 10.

 

Sedivec, K.K., Tober, D.A., and Berdahl, J.  2001.  Grass Varieties for North Dakota.  North Dakota State University Extension Service Publication R-794.  Fargo, ND 58105 USA.

 

USDA, Forest Service 2003.  Fire effects information system.  (https://www.fs.fed/database/feis/plants/graminoid/andgerp/index.html).  Washington, D.C. 20250 USA.

 

USDA, NRCS 2003.  The PLANTS database, Version 3.5 (https://plants.usda.gov).   National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.

 

Prepared By:

Patrick J. Broyles, Soil Conservationist

USDA NRCS Kansas Plant Materials Center, Manhattan, KS

 

Species Coordinator:

Patrick J. Broyles, Soil Conservationist

USDA NRCS Kansas Plant Materials Center, Manhattan, KS

 

14jan2004 jsp; 24may06jsp

 

For more information about this and other plants, please contact your local NRCS field office or Conservation District, and visit the PLANTS Web site<https://plants.usda.gov> or the Plant Materials Program Web site <https://Plant-Materials.nrcs.usda.gov>


 

 

 

Attribution:  U.S. Department of Agriculture 

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