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Plant Guide

Bidens aristosa (Michx.) Britt.
bearded beggarticks
BIAR

Summary

Duration

Annual, Biennial

Growth Habit

Forb/herb

U.S. Nativity

Native to U.S.

Federal T/E Status

 

National Wetland Indicator

FACW-, FACW

 

Morphology/Physiology

Active Growth Period

Spring, Summer, Fall

After Harvest Regrowth Rate

Slow

Bloat

None

C:N Ratio

Medium

Coppice Potential

No

Fall Conspicuous

No

Fire Resistant

No

Flower Color

Yellow

Flower Conspicuous

Yes

Foliage Color

Green

Foliage Porosity Summer

Moderate

Foliage Porosity Winter

Porous

Foliage Texture

Coarse

Fruit/Seed Color

Brown

Fruit/Seed Conspicuous

Yes

Growth Form

Single Crown

Growth Rate

Rapid

Height at 20 Years, Maximum (feet)

 

Height, Mature (feet)

3.5

Known Allelopath

No

Leaf Retention

No

Lifespan

Short

Low Growing Grass

No

Nitrogen Fixation

 

Resprout Ability

No

Shape and Orientation

Erect

Toxicity

None

 

Growth Requirements

Adapted to Coarse Textured Soils

No

Adapted to Fine Textured Soils

Yes

Adapted to Medium Textured Soils

Yes

Anaerobic Tolerance

Medium

CaCO3 Tolerance

Medium

Cold Stratification Required

No

Drought Tolerance

Low

Fertility Requirement

Medium

Fire Tolerance

Low

Frost Free Days, Minimum

140

Hedge Tolerance

None

Moisture Use

High

pH, Minimum

5

pH, Maximum

7

Planting Density per Acre, Minimum

 

Planting Density per Acre, Maximum

 

Precipitation, Minimum

22

Precipitation, Maximum

55

Root Depth, Minimum (inches)

8

Salinity Tolerance

None

Shade Tolerance

Intermediate

Temperature, Minimum (°F)

52

 

Reproduction

Bloom Period

Late Summer

Commercial Availability

Routinely Available

Fruit/Seed Abundance

High

Fruit/Seed Period Begin

Summer

Fruit/Seed Period End

Fall

Fruit/Seed Persistence

Yes

Propagated by Bare Root

No

Propagated by Bulb

No

Propagated by Container

No

Propagated by Corm

No

Propagated by Cuttings

No

Propagated by Seed

Yes

Propagated by Sod

No

Propagated by Sprigs

No

Propagated by Tubers

No

Seed per Pound

130000

Seed Spread Rate

Rapid

Seedling Vigor

High

Small Grain

No

Vegetative Spread Rate

None

 

Suitability/Use

Berry/Nut/Seed Product

No

Christmas Tree Product

No

Fodder Product

No

Fuelwood Product

None

Lumber Product

No

Naval Store Product

No

Nursery Stock Product

No

Palatable Browse Animal

Low

Palatable Graze Animal

Low

Palatable Human

No

Post Product

No

Protein Potential

Low

Pulpwood Product

No

Veneer Product

No

 

Kingdom  Plantae -- Plants

Subkingdom  Tracheobionta -- Vascular plants

Superdivision  Spermatophyta -- Seed plants

Division  Magnoliophyta -- Flowering plants

Class  Magnoliopsida -- Dicotyledons

Subclass  Asteridae

Order  Asterales

Family  Asteraceae -- Aster family

Genus  Bidens L. -- beggarticks P

Species  Bidens aristosa (Michx.) Britt. -- bearded beggarticks P

 

Alternate Names

beggar ticks

 

Uses

This plant is used mainly for landscape beautification.  It has potential for use in cultivated, garden situations, in naturalized prairie or meadow plantings, and along roadsides.

 

Status

Please consult the PLANTS Web site and your State Department of Natural Resources for this plant’s current status (e.g. threatened or endangered species, state noxious status, and wetland indicator values).

 

Description

Bur marigold is an upright annual herb (1-5 feet tall) with a tap root.  The alternate leaves are pinnately or bipinnately dissected, with each segment lanceolate and toothed or lobed on the margin.  Plants produce numerous solitary flower heads held on long stalks from September to October; each head is 1-2 inches across and bright yellow with a yellow center.  Seeds are dark brown, flattened, and have two prongs that project from one end.

 

Adaptation and Distribution

Bur marigold grows and flowers best in full sun, but is also adapted to partial shade.  Plants are often found growing in open shade along the edge of a woodland.  It is adapted to most soil types, except for very sandy soils.  Natural stands are generally found on moist sites such as in ditches, marshes, and wet meadows.

 

Bur marigold is distributed throughout the eastern and midwest United States.  For a current distribution map, please consult the Plant Profile page for this species on the PLANTS Website.

 

Establishment

Seed should be planted from August to October.  The seed will not germinate until the following spring, but it requires exposure to cool, moist conditions during the winter.  A firm seedbed is required.  Bur marigold germinates best on a clean tilled site that has been firmed with a roller or finishing harrow before planting.  Seed can also be planted into a closely mowed, chemically-killed, or burned sod area with a light disking or harrowing that scratches the soil surface.  A thick layer of plant residue on the soil surface can interfere with seed germination.  Broadcast or shallowly drill 4-6 grams seed per 100 square feet (4-6 lb/acre).  Planting depth should range from at the surface to one-quarter of an inch deep.  Cultipacking after planting will ensure good seed to soil contact.

 

Management

Apply fertilizer according to soil test recommendations.  If not available, a rate of 3.5-5.5 oz per 100 square feet (100-150 lb/acre) of 13-13-13 should be applied after the seedlings are established and annually thereafter.  Natural or planted stands of bur marigold usually reseed heavily for two to three years but will gradually decline without maintenance.  A light to medium disking will help control perennial weeds and promote bur marigold germination.  Disking should be done in mid to late November.  If necessary, plants can be mowed in the spring before stem elongation begins in April.  Stands that are not disked should not be mowed again until after seed set in early November.

 

Prepared By & Species Coordinator:

USDA NRCS Jamie L. Whitten Plant Materials Center, Coffeeville, Mississippi

 

Edited: 01Feb2002 JLK; 31may06jsp

 

For more information about this and other plants, please contact your local NRCS field office or Conservation District, and visit the PLANTS Web site<https://plants.usda.gov> or the Plant Materials Program Web site <https://Plant-Materials.nrcs.usda.gov>


 

Bignonia capreolata L.
crossvine

 

Kingdom  Plantae -- Plants

Subkingdom  Tracheobionta -- Vascular plants

Superdivision  Spermatophyta -- Seed plants

Division  Magnoliophyta -- Flowering plants

Class  Magnoliopsida -- Dicotyledons

Subclass  Asteridae

Order  Scrophulariales

Family  Bignoniaceae -- Trumpet-creeper family

Genus  Bignonia L. -- bignonia P

Species  Bignonia capreolata L. -- crossvine P

 

Alternate Names

Anisostichus capreolata, Anisostichus crucigera, Bignonia capreolata forma lutea, Bignonia capreolata var. atrosanguinea, Doxantha capreolata, quartervine, trumpet flower.

 

Uses

Ethnobotanic: Native Americans used crossvine as a remedy for numerous health ailments. An infusion of leaves was used to purify blood. Decoctions of leaves were used for rheumatism. Decoctions of mashed bark were used to alleviate edema and headaches. Individuals with diphtheria gargled a mashed root infusion.

 

Ornamental: The showy, fragrant flowers and unique leaves of crossvine make this plant appropriate for some gardening and landscaping needs. It is often used as a cover for fences, arbors, walls, pillars or large trellises and as a groundcover. It is often recommended as a native ornamental alternative to non-native climbing vines.

 

Wildlife: The tubular flowers and large quantities of nectar produced by crossvine are attractants for hummingbirds and butterflies.

 

Legal Status

Please consult the PLANTS Web site and your State Department of Natural Resources for this plant’s current status (e.g. threatened or endangered species, state noxious status, and wetland indicator values).

 

Weediness

Crossvine can spread aggressively. This plant may become weedy or invasive in some regions or habitats and may displace desirable vegetation if not properly managed. Please consult with your local NRCS Field Office, Cooperative Extension Service office, or state natural resource or agriculture department regarding its status and use.

 

Description

General: Bignonia family (Bignoniaceae). Crossvine is a perennial, woody, semi-evergreen vine that can grow to be 17 m long.  Tubers can grow to 10 cm in diameter. The stem is squarish and reddish-purple. Leaves are opposite, pinnately compound, and reduced to two basal leaflets and a branched tendril between them. Leaflets are 6-15 cm long, 2-7 cm wide and have smooth edges (entire), narrowly tapered tips (acuminate), and a notch at the base that makes them heart-shaped (cordate). The foliage turns from a lustrous green in the growing season to a reddish purple in the winter. Buds are reddish-purple and less than 1 cm long. Flowers are bell-shaped with orange on the outside and yellow inside, have 5 irregular lobes, and are 4-5 cm long. The fruit is a multi-seeded, flat capsule that is up to 15 cm long. Crossvine blooms from mid-March to mid-June and sets fruit in late summer.

 

Crossvine gets its name from the cross-shaped pith, as seen from a transverse section of the stem. Other key characteristics of crossvine include its opposite compound leaves with two leaflets and branched tendrils.

 

Distribution: Crossvine is native to the United States in the northeastern, north central, south central, and southeastern regions. It is found from southern Ontario, south to Florida, west to Texas and Illinois. For current distribution, please consult the Plant Profile page for this species on the PLANTS Web site (https://plants.usda.gov).

 

Habitat: Crossvine is found in rich forests and swamps and along roadsides and fencerows.

 

Adaptation

The USDA hardiness zones for crossvine are 5-9. Although it is semi-evergreen, it may lose its leaves during especially harsh winters in zones 5 and 6.

 

Crossvine prefers full sun and moist, acidic, well-drained soils for best flowering. It is adaptable to other soil conditions, including poorly drained soils, once established and it can do well in low light levels. It is drought tolerant.

 

Management

If not properly managed, crossvine can spread quickly by root suckers and become problematic. Pruning will reduce aggressive growth if spread is not desired.

 

Seeds and Plant Production

Crossvine can be propagated by seeds or cuttings. Pretreatment of seeds is not necessary. Although a 90% germination rate can be expected, seedling survival and growth may be low. Seedlings may need to harden in winter temperatures before outplanting.

 

The species can be rooted at any time of the year but June or July cuttings are generally recommended. Crossvine cuttings root easily, but may take six to eight weeks.

 

Cultivars, Improved, and Selected Materials (and area of origin)

The NRCS Plant Materials Program has not released any cultivars of crossvine for conservation use.  Contact your local Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly Soil Conservation Service) office for more information.  Look in the phone book under ”United States Government”.  The Natural Resources Conservation Service will be listed under the subheading “Department of Agriculture.”

 

Ornamental cultivars of Bignonia capreolata include ‘Atrosanguinea,’ ‘Dragon Lady,’ ‘Helen Fredel,’ ‘Jekyll,’ ‘Shalimar Red,’ and ‘Tangerine Beauty.’  These cultivars have been bred for flower color, flower and leaf size, and winter hardiness.

 

References

Agricultural Research Center. 2004. GRIN taxonomy (https://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/index, 22 April 2004). USDA, Beltsville.

 

Creech, D. 2004. Plants page, SFA Mast Arboretum (https://arboretum.sfasu.edu/plants/index.htm, 22 April 2004). Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches.

 

Dirr, M.A. 2004. Horticulture 3710 plant list: vines (https://www.nobleplants.com/classnotes/spring/springprofiles/vines.htm, 22 April 2004). Noble Plants, Athens.

 

Floridata. 2004. Plant encyclopedia (https://floridata.com, 22 April 2004). Floridata Marketplace, Tallahassee.

 

Johnson, F.L. and B.W. Hoagland. Catalog of the woody plants of Oklahoma (https://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/shrub/cover.htm, 22 April 2004). Oklahoma University, Norman.

 

Kemper Center for Home Gardening. 2004. Kemper web, PlantFinder (https://ridgwaydb.mobot.org/kemperweb/plantfinder/Alpha.asp, 22 April 2004). Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.

 

Lindstrom, J.T. 2002. Bignonia capreolata (https://www.uark.edu/campus-resources/cotinus/plants3_html/bigncapr.html, 22 April 2004). University of Arkansas, Fayetteville.

 

Manhart, J.R. 2004. Texas A & M University Herbarium digital flora of Texas (https://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/gallery1.htm, 22 April 2004). Texas A & M University, College Station.

 

Reed, D. 2002. Wildflowers of the Southeastern United States (https://2bnthewild.com/).

 

Stine, M. 2003. Louisiana ecosystems and plant identification, (https://rnrstreamer.lsu.edu/ecosystems/webtour/, 22 April 2004). LSU AgCenter, Baton Rouge.

 

Prepared By:

Sarah Wennerberg

Formerly USDA NRCS National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana

 

Species Coordinator:

Mark Skinner

USDA NRCS National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana

 

Edited: 6May2004 sbw; 21Oct2004 rln; 31may06 jsp

 

For more information about this and other plants, please contact your local NRCS field office or Conservation District, and visit the PLANTS Web site<https://plants.usda.gov> or the Plant Materials Program Web site <https://Plant-Materials.nrcs.usda.gov>


 

 

 

Attribution:  U.S. Department of Agriculture 

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