"Growing Online"tm
"Growing Online"tm
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Plant Guide
|
Summary |
|
|
Duration |
Perennial |
|
Growth Habit |
Graminoid |
|
U.S. Nativity |
Native to U.S. |
|
Federal T/E Status |
|
|
National Wetland Indicator |
FACU, FACW- |
|
|
|
|
Morphology/Physiology |
|
|
Active Growth Period |
Spring and Fall |
|
After Harvest Regrowth Rate |
Moderate |
|
Bloat |
None |
|
C:N Ratio |
Medium |
|
Coppice Potential |
No |
|
Fall Conspicuous |
No |
|
Fire Resistant |
No |
|
Flower Color |
Yellow |
|
Flower Conspicuous |
No |
|
Foliage Color |
Green |
|
Foliage Porosity Summer |
Porous |
|
Foliage Porosity Winter |
Porous |
|
Foliage Texture |
Fine |
|
Fruit/Seed Color |
Brown |
|
Fruit/Seed Conspicuous |
No |
|
Growth Form |
Rhizomatous |
|
Growth Rate |
Moderate |
|
Height at 20 Years, Maximum (feet) |
|
|
Height, Mature (feet) |
2 |
|
Known Allelopath |
No |
|
Leaf Retention |
No |
|
Lifespan |
Long |
|
Low Growing Grass |
Yes |
|
Nitrogen Fixation |
|
|
Resprout Ability |
No |
|
Shape and Orientation |
Decumbent |
|
Toxicity |
None |
|
|
|
|
Growth Requirements |
|
|
Adapted to Coarse Textured Soils |
No |
|
Adapted to Fine Textured Soils |
Yes |
|
Adapted to Medium Textured Soils |
Yes |
|
Anaerobic Tolerance |
None |
|
CaCO3 Tolerance |
High |
|
Cold Stratification Required |
No |
|
Drought Tolerance |
Medium |
|
Fertility Requirement |
High |
|
Fire Tolerance |
High |
|
Frost Free Days, Minimum |
90 |
|
Hedge Tolerance |
None |
|
Moisture Use |
Medium |
|
pH, Minimum |
5 |
|
pH, Maximum |
7.5 |
|
Planting Density per Acre, Minimum |
43560 |
|
Planting Density per Acre, Maximum |
43560 |
|
Precipitation, Minimum |
30 |
|
Precipitation, Maximum |
70 |
|
Root Depth, Minimum (inches) |
12 |
|
Salinity Tolerance |
Low |
|
Shade Tolerance |
Tolerant |
|
Temperature, Minimum (°F) |
-43 |
|
|
|
|
Reproduction |
|
|
Bloom Period |
Mid Spring |
|
Commercial Availability |
Routinely Available |
|
Fruit/Seed Abundance |
High |
|
Fruit/Seed Period Begin |
Spring |
|
Fruit/Seed Period End |
Summer |
|
Fruit/Seed Persistence |
No |
|
Propagated by Bare Root |
No |
|
Propagated by Bulb |
No |
|
Propagated by Container |
No |
|
Propagated by Corm |
No |
|
Propagated by Cuttings |
No |
|
Propagated by Seed |
Yes |
|
Propagated by Sod |
Yes |
|
Propagated by Sprigs |
No |
|
Propagated by Tubers |
No |
|
Seed per Pound |
454087 |
|
Seed Spread Rate |
Slow |
|
Seedling Vigor |
Medium |
|
Small Grain |
No |
|
Vegetative Spread Rate |
Rapid |
|
|
|
|
Suitability/Use |
|
|
Berry/Nut/Seed Product |
No |
|
Christmas Tree Product |
No |
|
Fodder Product |
No |
|
Fuelwood Product |
None |
|
Lumber Product |
No |
|
Naval Store Product |
No |
|
Nursery Stock Product |
No |
|
Palatable Browse Animal |
Medium |
|
Palatable Graze Animal |
Low |
|
Palatable Human |
No |
|
Post Product |
No |
|
Protein Potential |
Medium |
|
Pulpwood Product |
No |
|
Veneer Product |
No |
|
|
|
|
Summary |
|
|
Duration |
Perennial |
|
Growth Habit |
Graminoid |
|
U.S. Nativity |
Native to U.S. |
|
Federal T/E Status |
|
|
National Wetland Indicator |
FACU, FACW- |
|
|
|
|
Morphology/Physiology |
|
|
Active Growth Period |
Spring and Fall |
|
After Harvest Regrowth Rate |
Moderate |
|
Bloat |
None |
|
C:N Ratio |
Medium |
|
Coppice Potential |
No |
|
Fall Conspicuous |
No |
|
Fire Resistant |
Yes |
|
Flower Color |
Yellow |
|
Flower Conspicuous |
No |
|
Foliage Color |
Green |
|
Foliage Porosity Summer |
Porous |
|
Foliage Porosity Winter |
Dense |
|
Foliage Texture |
Fine |
|
Fruit/Seed Color |
Brown |
|
Fruit/Seed Conspicuous |
No |
|
Growth Form |
Rhizomatous |
|
Growth Rate |
Moderate |
|
Height at 20 Years, Maximum (feet) |
|
|
Height, Mature (feet) |
1.5 |
|
Known Allelopath |
No |
|
Leaf Retention |
No |
|
Lifespan |
Long |
|
Low Growing Grass |
No |
|
Nitrogen Fixation |
|
|
Resprout Ability |
No |
|
Shape and Orientation |
Decumbent |
|
Toxicity |
None |
|
|
|
|
Growth Requirements |
|
|
Adapted to Coarse Textured Soils |
No |
|
Adapted to Fine Textured Soils |
Yes |
|
Adapted to Medium Textured Soils |
Yes |
|
Anaerobic Tolerance |
None |
|
CaCO3 Tolerance |
High |
|
Cold Stratification Required |
No |
|
Drought Tolerance |
Medium |
|
Fertility Requirement |
Medium |
|
Fire Tolerance |
High |
|
Frost Free Days, Minimum |
90 |
|
Hedge Tolerance |
None |
|
Moisture Use |
Medium |
|
pH, Minimum |
5 |
|
pH, Maximum |
8 |
|
Planting Density per Acre, Minimum |
|
|
Planting Density per Acre, Maximum |
|
|
Precipitation, Minimum |
24 |
|
Precipitation, Maximum |
60 |
|
Root Depth, Minimum (inches) |
12 |
|
Salinity Tolerance |
Medium |
|
Shade Tolerance |
Intermediate |
|
Temperature, Minimum (°F) |
-43 |
|
|
|
|
Reproduction |
|
|
Bloom Period |
Mid Spring |
|
Commercial Availability |
Routinely Available |
|
Fruit/Seed Abundance |
High |
|
Fruit/Seed Period Begin |
Summer |
|
Fruit/Seed Period End |
Summer |
|
Fruit/Seed Persistence |
No |
|
Propagated by Bare Root |
No |
|
Propagated by Bulb |
No |
|
Propagated by Container |
No |
|
Propagated by Corm |
No |
|
Propagated by Cuttings |
No |
|
Propagated by Seed |
Yes |
|
Propagated by Sod |
No |
|
Propagated by Sprigs |
No |
|
Propagated by Tubers |
No |
|
Seed per Pound |
245185 |
|
Seed Spread Rate |
Slow |
|
Seedling Vigor |
Low |
|
Small Grain |
No |
|
Vegetative Spread Rate |
Moderate |
|
|
|
|
Suitability/Use |
|
|
Berry/Nut/Seed Product |
No |
|
Christmas Tree Product |
No |
|
Fodder Product |
No |
|
Fuelwood Product |
None |
|
Lumber Product |
No |
|
Naval Store Product |
No |
|
Nursery Stock Product |
No |
|
Palatable Browse Animal |
Medium |
|
Palatable Graze Animal |
Low |
|
Palatable Human |
No |
|
Post Product |
No |
|
Protein Potential |
Low |
|
Pulpwood Product |
No |
|
Veneer Product |
No |
|
|
|
|
Summary |
|
|
Duration |
Perennial |
|
Growth Habit |
Graminoid |
|
U.S. Nativity |
Native to U.S. |
|
Federal T/E Status |
|
|
National Wetland Indicator |
FACU, FACW- |
|
|
|
|
Morphology/Physiology |
|
|
Active Growth Period |
Spring and Fall |
|
After Harvest Regrowth Rate |
Moderate |
|
Bloat |
None |
|
C:N Ratio |
Medium |
|
Coppice Potential |
No |
|
Fall Conspicuous |
No |
|
Fire Resistant |
No |
|
Flower Color |
Yellow |
|
Flower Conspicuous |
No |
|
Foliage Color |
Green |
|
Foliage Porosity Summer |
Dense |
|
Foliage Porosity Winter |
Porous |
|
Foliage Texture |
Fine |
|
Fruit/Seed Color |
Brown |
|
Fruit/Seed Conspicuous |
No |
|
Growth Form |
Rhizomatous |
|
Growth Rate |
Moderate |
|
Height at 20 Years, Maximum (feet) |
|
|
Height, Mature (feet) |
1.5 |
|
Known Allelopath |
No |
|
Leaf Retention |
No |
|
Lifespan |
Long |
|
Low Growing Grass |
Yes |
|
Nitrogen Fixation |
|
|
Resprout Ability |
No |
|
Shape and Orientation |
Decumbent |
|
Toxicity |
None |
|
|
|
|
Growth Requirements |
|
|
Adapted to Coarse Textured Soils |
No |
|
Adapted to Fine Textured Soils |
Yes |
|
Adapted to Medium Textured Soils |
Yes |
|
Anaerobic Tolerance |
None |
|
CaCO3 Tolerance |
High |
|
Cold Stratification Required |
No |
|
Drought Tolerance |
Medium |
|
Fertility Requirement |
Medium |
|
Fire Tolerance |
High |
|
Frost Free Days, Minimum |
90 |
|
Hedge Tolerance |
None |
|
Moisture Use |
Medium |
|
pH, Minimum |
5 |
|
pH, Maximum |
8 |
|
Planting Density per Acre, Minimum |
|
|
Planting Density per Acre, Maximum |
|
|
Precipitation, Minimum |
30 |
|
Precipitation, Maximum |
60 |
|
Root Depth, Minimum (inches) |
12 |
|
Salinity Tolerance |
Medium |
|
Shade Tolerance |
Intermediate |
|
Temperature, Minimum (°F) |
-43 |
|
|
|
|
Reproduction |
|
|
Bloom Period |
Mid Spring |
|
Commercial Availability |
Routinely Available |
|
Fruit/Seed Abundance |
High |
|
Fruit/Seed Period Begin |
Summer |
|
Fruit/Seed Period End |
Summer |
|
Fruit/Seed Persistence |
No |
|
Propagated by Bare Root |
No |
|
Propagated by Bulb |
No |
|
Propagated by Container |
No |
|
Propagated by Corm |
No |
|
Propagated by Cuttings |
No |
|
Propagated by Seed |
Yes |
|
Propagated by Sod |
No |
|
Propagated by Sprigs |
No |
|
Propagated by Tubers |
No |
|
Seed per Pound |
374870 |
|
Seed Spread Rate |
Slow |
|
Seedling Vigor |
Low |
|
Small Grain |
No |
|
Vegetative Spread Rate |
Moderate |
|
|
|
|
Suitability/Use |
|
|
Berry/Nut/Seed Product |
No |
|
Christmas Tree Product |
No |
|
Fodder Product |
No |
|
Fuelwood Product |
None |
|
Lumber Product |
No |
|
Naval Store Product |
No |
|
Nursery Stock Product |
No |
|
Palatable Browse Animal |
Medium |
|
Palatable Graze Animal |
Low |
|
Palatable Human |
No |
|
Post Product |
No |
|
Protein Potential |
Low |
|
Pulpwood Product |
No |
|
Veneer Product |
No |
|
|
|
|
Summary |
|
|
Duration |
Perennial |
|
Growth Habit |
Graminoid |
|
U.S. Nativity |
Native to U.S. |
|
Federal T/E Status |
|
|
National Wetland Indicator |
FACU, FACW- |
|
|
|
|
Morphology/Physiology |
|
|
Active Growth Period |
Spring and Fall |
|
After Harvest Regrowth Rate |
Moderate |
|
Bloat |
None |
|
C:N Ratio |
Medium |
|
Coppice Potential |
No |
|
Fall Conspicuous |
No |
|
Fire Resistant |
No |
|
Flower Color |
Yellow |
|
Flower Conspicuous |
No |
|
Foliage Color |
Green |
|
Foliage Porosity Summer |
Moderate |
|
Foliage Porosity Winter |
Porous |
|
Foliage Texture |
Fine |
|
Fruit/Seed Color |
Brown |
|
Fruit/Seed Conspicuous |
No |
|
Growth Form |
Rhizomatous |
|
Growth Rate |
Moderate |
|
Height at 20 Years, Maximum (feet) |
|
|
Height, Mature (feet) |
2.4 |
|
Known Allelopath |
No |
|
Leaf Retention |
No |
|
Lifespan |
Moderate |
|
Low Growing Grass |
Yes |
|
Nitrogen Fixation |
|
|
Resprout Ability |
No |
|
Shape and Orientation |
Semi-Erect |
|
Toxicity |
None |
|
|
|
|
Growth Requirements |
|
|
Adapted to Coarse Textured Soils |
No |
|
Adapted to Fine Textured Soils |
Yes |
|
Adapted to Medium Textured Soils |
Yes |
|
Anaerobic Tolerance |
None |
|
CaCO3 Tolerance |
Medium |
|
Cold Stratification Required |
No |
|
Drought Tolerance |
Medium |
|
Fertility Requirement |
Medium |
|
Fire Tolerance |
High |
|
Frost Free Days, Minimum |
90 |
|
Hedge Tolerance |
None |
|
Moisture Use |
Medium |
|
pH, Minimum |
5 |
|
pH, Maximum |
8 |
|
Planting Density per Acre, Minimum |
43560 |
|
Planting Density per Acre, Maximum |
43560 |
|
Precipitation, Minimum |
30 |
|
Precipitation, Maximum |
60 |
|
Root Depth, Minimum (inches) |
12 |
|
Salinity Tolerance |
Low |
|
Shade Tolerance |
Tolerant |
|
Temperature, Minimum (°F) |
-43 |
|
|
|
|
Reproduction |
|
|
Bloom Period |
Mid Spring |
|
Commercial Availability |
Routinely Available |
|
Fruit/Seed Abundance |
High |
|
Fruit/Seed Period Begin |
Spring |
|
Fruit/Seed Period End |
Summer |
|
Fruit/Seed Persistence |
No |
|
Propagated by Bare Root |
No |
|
Propagated by Bulb |
No |
|
Propagated by Container |
No |
|
Propagated by Corm |
No |
|
Propagated by Cuttings |
No |
|
Propagated by Seed |
Yes |
|
Propagated by Sod |
Yes |
|
Propagated by Sprigs |
No |
|
Propagated by Tubers |
No |
|
Seed per Pound |
365120 |
|
Seed Spread Rate |
Slow |
|
Seedling Vigor |
Medium |
|
Small Grain |
No |
|
Vegetative Spread Rate |
Moderate |
|
|
|
|
Suitability/Use |
|
|
Berry/Nut/Seed Product |
No |
|
Christmas Tree Product |
No |
|
Fodder Product |
No |
|
Fuelwood Product |
None |
|
Lumber Product |
No |
|
Naval Store Product |
No |
|
Nursery Stock Product |
No |
|
Palatable Browse Animal |
Medium |
|
Palatable Graze Animal |
Low |
|
Palatable Human |
No |
|
Post Product |
No |
|
Protein Potential |
Low |
|
Pulpwood Product |
No |
|
Veneer Product |
No |
|
|
|
|
Summary |
|
|
Duration |
Perennial |
|
Growth Habit |
Graminoid |
|
U.S. Nativity |
Native to U.S. |
|
Federal T/E Status |
|
|
National Wetland Indicator |
FACU, FACW- |
|
|
|
|
Morphology/Physiology |
|
|
Active Growth Period |
Spring and Fall |
|
After Harvest Regrowth Rate |
Moderate |
|
Bloat |
None |
|
C:N Ratio |
Medium |
|
Coppice Potential |
No |
|
Fall Conspicuous |
No |
|
Fire Resistant |
No |
|
Flower Color |
Yellow |
|
Flower Conspicuous |
No |
|
Foliage Color |
Green |
|
Foliage Porosity Summer |
Porous |
|
Foliage Porosity Winter |
Porous |
|
Foliage Texture |
Fine |
|
Fruit/Seed Color |
Brown |
|
Fruit/Seed Conspicuous |
No |
|
Growth Form |
Rhizomatous |
|
Growth Rate |
Moderate |
|
Height at 20 Years, Maximum (feet) |
|
|
Height, Mature (feet) |
2 |
|
Known Allelopath |
No |
|
Leaf Retention |
No |
|
Lifespan |
Long |
|
Low Growing Grass |
Yes |
|
Nitrogen Fixation |
|
|
Resprout Ability |
No |
|
Shape and Orientation |
Decumbent |
|
Toxicity |
None |
|
|
|
|
Growth Requirements |
|
|
Adapted to Coarse Textured Soils |
No |
|
Adapted to Fine Textured Soils |
Yes |
|
Adapted to Medium Textured Soils |
Yes |
|
Anaerobic Tolerance |
None |
|
CaCO3 Tolerance |
Medium |
|
Cold Stratification Required |
No |
|
Drought Tolerance |
High |
|
Fertility Requirement |
Medium |
|
Fire Tolerance |
High |
|
Frost Free Days, Minimum |
100 |
|
Hedge Tolerance |
None |
|
Moisture Use |
Low |
|
pH, Minimum |
5 |
|
pH, Maximum |
8 |
|
Planting Density per Acre, Minimum |
43560 |
|
Planting Density per Acre, Maximum |
43560 |
|
Precipitation, Minimum |
24 |
|
Precipitation, Maximum |
50 |
|
Root Depth, Minimum (inches) |
12 |
|
Salinity Tolerance |
Medium |
|
Shade Tolerance |
Tolerant |
|
Temperature, Minimum (°F) |
-53 |
|
|
|
|
Reproduction |
|
|
Bloom Period |
Late Spring |
|
Commercial Availability |
Routinely Available |
|
Fruit/Seed Abundance |
High |
|
Fruit/Seed Period Begin |
Summer |
|
Fruit/Seed Period End |
Summer |
|
Fruit/Seed Persistence |
No |
|
Propagated by Bare Root |
No |
|
Propagated by Bulb |
No |
|
Propagated by Container |
No |
|
Propagated by Corm |
No |
|
Propagated by Cuttings |
No |
|
Propagated by Seed |
Yes |
|
Propagated by Sod |
Yes |
|
Propagated by Sprigs |
No |
|
Propagated by Tubers |
No |
|
Seed per Pound |
372002 |
|
Seed Spread Rate |
Slow |
|
Seedling Vigor |
Low |
|
Small Grain |
No |
|
Vegetative Spread Rate |
Rapid |
|
|
|
|
Suitability/Use |
|
|
Berry/Nut/Seed Product |
No |
|
Christmas Tree Product |
No |
|
Fodder Product |
No |
|
Fuelwood Product |
None |
|
Lumber Product |
No |
|
Naval Store Product |
No |
|
Nursery Stock Product |
No |
|
Palatable Browse Animal |
Low |
|
Palatable Graze Animal |
Low |
|
Palatable Human |
No |
|
Post Product |
No |
|
Protein Potential |
Medium |
|
Pulpwood Product |
No |
|
Veneer Product |
No |
|
|
|
|
Summary |
|
|
Duration |
Perennial |
|
Growth Habit |
Graminoid |
|
U.S. Nativity |
Native to U.S. |
|
Federal T/E Status |
|
|
National Wetland Indicator |
FACU, FACW- |
|
|
|
|
Morphology/Physiology |
|
|
Active Growth Period |
Spring and Fall |
|
After Harvest Regrowth Rate |
Moderate |
|
Bloat |
None |
|
C:N Ratio |
Medium |
|
Coppice Potential |
No |
|
Fall Conspicuous |
No |
|
Fire Resistant |
No |
|
Flower Color |
Yellow |
|
Flower Conspicuous |
No |
|
Foliage Color |
Green |
|
Foliage Porosity Summer |
Porous |
|
Foliage Porosity Winter |
Porous |
|
Foliage Texture |
Fine |
|
Fruit/Seed Color |
Brown |
|
Fruit/Seed Conspicuous |
No |
|
Growth Form |
Rhizomatous |
|
Growth Rate |
Moderate |
|
Height at 20 Years, Maximum (feet) |
|
|
Height, Mature (feet) |
1.5 |
|
Known Allelopath |
No |
|
Leaf Retention |
No |
|
Lifespan |
Long |
|
Low Growing Grass |
Yes |
|
Nitrogen Fixation |
|
|
Resprout Ability |
No |
|
Shape and Orientation |
Decumbent |
|
Toxicity |
None |
|
|
|
|
Growth Requirements |
|
|
Adapted to Coarse Textured Soils |
No |
|
Adapted to Fine Textured Soils |
Yes |
|
Adapted to Medium Textured Soils |
Yes |
|
Anaerobic Tolerance |
None |
|
CaCO3 Tolerance |
High |
|
Cold Stratification Required |
No |
|
Drought Tolerance |
Medium |
|
Fertility Requirement |
Medium |
|
Fire Tolerance |
High |
|
Frost Free Days, Minimum |
90 |
|
Hedge Tolerance |
None |
|
Moisture Use |
Medium |
|
pH, Minimum |
5 |
|
pH, Maximum |
8 |
|
Planting Density per Acre, Minimum |
|
|
Planting Density per Acre, Maximum |
|
|
Precipitation, Minimum |
30 |
|
Precipitation, Maximum |
60 |
|
Root Depth, Minimum (inches) |
12 |
|
Salinity Tolerance |
Medium |
|
Shade Tolerance |
Intermediate |
|
Temperature, Minimum (°F) |
-43 |
|
|
|
|
Reproduction |
|
|
Bloom Period |
Mid Spring |
|
Commercial Availability |
Routinely Available |
|
Fruit/Seed Abundance |
High |
|
Fruit/Seed Period Begin |
Summer |
|
Fruit/Seed Period End |
Summer |
|
Fruit/Seed Persistence |
No |
|
Propagated by Bare Root |
No |
|
Propagated by Bulb |
No |
|
Propagated by Container |
No |
|
Propagated by Corm |
No |
|
Propagated by Cuttings |
No |
|
Propagated by Seed |
Yes |
|
Propagated by Sod |
No |
|
Propagated by Sprigs |
No |
|
Propagated by Tubers |
No |
|
Seed per Pound |
365120 |
|
Seed Spread Rate |
Slow |
|
Seedling Vigor |
Low |
|
Small Grain |
No |
|
Vegetative Spread Rate |
Slow |
|
|
|
|
Suitability/Use |
|
|
Berry/Nut/Seed Product |
No |
|
Christmas Tree Product |
No |
|
Fodder Product |
No |
|
Fuelwood Product |
None |
|
Lumber Product |
No |
|
Naval Store Product |
No |
|
Nursery Stock Product |
No |
|
Palatable Browse Animal |
Medium |
|
Palatable Graze Animal |
Low |
|
Palatable Human |
No |
|
Post Product |
No |
|
Protein Potential |
Low |
|
Pulpwood Product |
No |
|
Veneer Product |
No |
|
|
|
|
Summary |
|
|
Duration |
Perennial |
|
Growth Habit |
Graminoid |
|
U.S. Nativity |
Native to U.S. |
|
Federal T/E Status |
|
|
National Wetland Indicator |
FACU, FACW- |
|
|
|
|
Morphology/Physiology |
|
|
Active Growth Period |
Spring and Fall |
|
After Harvest Regrowth Rate |
Moderate |
|
Bloat |
None |
|
C:N Ratio |
Medium |
|
Coppice Potential |
No |
|
Fall Conspicuous |
No |
|
Fire Resistant |
No |
|
Flower Color |
Yellow |
|
Flower Conspicuous |
No |
|
Foliage Color |
Green |
|
Foliage Porosity Summer |
Moderate |
|
Foliage Porosity Winter |
Porous |
|
Foliage Texture |
Fine |
|
Fruit/Seed Color |
Brown |
|
Fruit/Seed Conspicuous |
No |
|
Growth Form |
Rhizomatous |
|
Growth Rate |
Moderate |
|
Height at 20 Years, Maximum (feet) |
|
|
Height, Mature (feet) |
2.4 |
|
Known Allelopath |
No |
|
Leaf Retention |
No |
|
Lifespan |
Moderate |
|
Low Growing Grass |
Yes |
|
Nitrogen Fixation |
|
|
Resprout Ability |
No |
|
Shape and Orientation |
Semi-Erect |
|
Toxicity |
None |
|
|
|
|
Growth Requirements |
|
|
Adapted to Coarse Textured Soils |
No |
|
Adapted to Fine Textured Soils |
Yes |
|
Adapted to Medium Textured Soils |
Yes |
|
Anaerobic Tolerance |
None |
|
CaCO3 Tolerance |
Medium |
|
Cold Stratification Required |
No |
|
Drought Tolerance |
Medium |
|
Fertility Requirement |
Medium |
|
Fire Tolerance |
High |
|
Frost Free Days, Minimum |
110 |
|
Hedge Tolerance |
None |
|
Moisture Use |
Medium |
|
pH, Minimum |
5 |
|
pH, Maximum |
8 |
|
Planting Density per Acre, Minimum |
43560 |
|
Planting Density per Acre, Maximum |
43560 |
|
Precipitation, Minimum |
30 |
|
Precipitation, Maximum |
60 |
|
Root Depth, Minimum (inches) |
12 |
|
Salinity Tolerance |
Low |
|
Shade Tolerance |
Tolerant |
|
Temperature, Minimum (°F) |
-33 |
|
|
|
|
Reproduction |
|
|
Bloom Period |
Mid Spring |
|
Commercial Availability |
Routinely Available |
|
Fruit/Seed Abundance |
High |
|
Fruit/Seed Period Begin |
Spring |
|
Fruit/Seed Period End |
Summer |
|
Fruit/Seed Persistence |
No |
|
Propagated by Bare Root |
No |
|
Propagated by Bulb |
No |
|
Propagated by Container |
No |
|
Propagated by Corm |
No |
|
Propagated by Cuttings |
No |
|
Propagated by Seed |
Yes |
|
Propagated by Sod |
Yes |
|
Propagated by Sprigs |
No |
|
Propagated by Tubers |
No |
|
Seed per Pound |
435728 |
|
Seed Spread Rate |
Slow |
|
Seedling Vigor |
Medium |
|
Small Grain |
No |
|
Vegetative Spread Rate |
Moderate |
|
|
|
|
Suitability/Use |
|
|
Berry/Nut/Seed Product |
No |
|
Christmas Tree Product |
No |
|
Fodder Product |
No |
|
Fuelwood Product |
None |
|
Lumber Product |
No |
|
Naval Store Product |
No |
|
Nursery Stock Product |
No |
|
Palatable Browse Animal |
Medium |
|
Palatable Graze Animal |
Low |
|
Palatable Human |
No |
|
Post Product |
No |
|
Protein Potential |
Low |
|
Pulpwood Product |
No |
|
Veneer Product |
No |
|
|
|
|
Summary |
|
|
Duration |
Perennial |
|
Growth Habit |
Graminoid |
|
U.S. Nativity |
Native to U.S. |
|
Federal T/E Status |
|
|
National Wetland Indicator |
FACU, FACW- |
|
|
|
|
Morphology/Physiology |
|
|
Active Growth Period |
Spring and Fall |
|
After Harvest Regrowth Rate |
Moderate |
|
Bloat |
None |
|
C:N Ratio |
Medium |
|
Coppice Potential |
No |
|
Fall Conspicuous |
No |
|
Fire Resistant |
No |
|
Flower Color |
Yellow |
|
Flower Conspicuous |
No |
|
Foliage Color |
Green |
|
Foliage Porosity Summer |
Porous |
|
Foliage Porosity Winter |
Porous |
|
Foliage Texture |
Fine |
|
Fruit/Seed Color |
Brown |
|
Fruit/Seed Conspicuous |
No |
|
Growth Form |
Rhizomatous |
|
Growth Rate |
Moderate |
|
Height at 20 Years, Maximum (feet) |
|
|
Height, Mature (feet) |
1.5 |
|
Known Allelopath |
No |
|
Leaf Retention |
No |
|
Lifespan |
Long |
|
Low Growing Grass |
Yes |
|
Nitrogen Fixation |
|
|
Resprout Ability |
No |
|
Shape and Orientation |
Decumbent |
|
Toxicity |
None |
|
|
|
|
Growth Requirements |
|
|
Adapted to Coarse Textured Soils |
No |
|
Adapted to Fine Textured Soils |
Yes |
|
Adapted to Medium Textured Soils |
Yes |
|
Anaerobic Tolerance |
None |
|
CaCO3 Tolerance |
High |
|
Cold Stratification Required |
No |
|
Drought Tolerance |
Medium |
|
Fertility Requirement |
Medium |
|
Fire Tolerance |
High |
|
Frost Free Days, Minimum |
120 |
|
Hedge Tolerance |
None |
|
Moisture Use |
Medium |
|
pH, Minimum |
5 |
|
pH, Maximum |
8 |
|
Planting Density per Acre, Minimum |
|
|
Planting Density per Acre, Maximum |
|
|
Precipitation, Minimum |
35 |
|
Precipitation, Maximum |
60 |
|
Root Depth, Minimum (inches) |
12 |
|
Salinity Tolerance |
Medium |
|
Shade Tolerance |
Intermediate |
|
Temperature, Minimum (°F) |
-38 |
|
|
|
|
Reproduction |
|
|
Bloom Period |
Mid Spring |
|
Commercial Availability |
Routinely Available |
|
Fruit/Seed Abundance |
High |
|
Fruit/Seed Period Begin |
Spring |
|
Fruit/Seed Period End |
Summer |
|
Fruit/Seed Persistence |
No |
|
Propagated by Bare Root |
No |
|
Propagated by Bulb |
No |
|
Propagated by Container |
No |
|
Propagated by Corm |
No |
|
Propagated by Cuttings |
No |
|
Propagated by Seed |
Yes |
|
Propagated by Sod |
No |
|
Propagated by Sprigs |
No |
|
Propagated by Tubers |
No |
|
Seed per Pound |
453000 |
|
Seed Spread Rate |
Slow |
|
Seedling Vigor |
Low |
|
Small Grain |
No |
|
Vegetative Spread Rate |
Moderate |
|
|
|
|
Suitability/Use |
|
|
Berry/Nut/Seed Product |
No |
|
Christmas Tree Product |
No |
|
Fodder Product |
No |
|
Fuelwood Product |
None |
|
Lumber Product |
No |
|
Naval Store Product |
No |
|
Nursery Stock Product |
No |
|
Palatable Browse Animal |
Medium |
|
Palatable Graze Animal |
Low |
|
Palatable Human |
No |
|
Post Product |
No |
|
Protein Potential |
Low |
|
Pulpwood Product |
No |
|
Veneer Product |
No |
|
|
|
|
Summary |
|
|
Duration |
Perennial |
|
Growth Habit |
Graminoid |
|
U.S. Nativity |
Native to U.S. |
|
Federal T/E Status |
|
|
National Wetland Indicator |
FACU, FACW- |
|
|
|
|
Morphology/Physiology |
|
|
Active Growth Period |
Spring and Fall |
|
After Harvest Regrowth Rate |
Moderate |
|
Bloat |
None |
|
C:N Ratio |
Medium |
|
Coppice Potential |
No |
|
Fall Conspicuous |
No |
|
Fire Resistant |
No |
|
Flower Color |
Yellow |
|
Flower Conspicuous |
No |
|
Foliage Color |
Green |
|
Foliage Porosity Summer |
Porous |
|
Foliage Porosity Winter |
Porous |
|
Foliage Texture |
Fine |
|
Fruit/Seed Color |
Brown |
|
Fruit/Seed Conspicuous |
No |
|
Growth Form |
Rhizomatous |
|
Growth Rate |
Moderate |
|
Height at 20 Years, Maximum (feet) |
|
|
Height, Mature (feet) |
1.5 |
|
Known Allelopath |
No |
|
Leaf Retention |
No |
|
Lifespan |
Long |
|
Low Growing Grass |
Yes |
|
Nitrogen Fixation |
|
|
Resprout Ability |
No |
|
Shape and Orientation |
Decumbent |
|
Toxicity |
None |
|
|
|
|
Growth Requirements |
|
|
Adapted to Coarse Textured Soils |
No |
|
Adapted to Fine Textured Soils |
Yes |
|
Adapted to Medium Textured Soils |
Yes |
|
Anaerobic Tolerance |
None |
|
CaCO3 Tolerance |
High |
|
Cold Stratification Required |
No |
|
Drought Tolerance |
Medium |
|
Fertility Requirement |
Medium |
|
Fire Tolerance |
High |
|
Frost Free Days, Minimum |
100 |
|
Hedge Tolerance |
None |
|
Moisture Use |
Medium |
|
pH, Minimum |
5 |
|
pH, Maximum |
8 |
|
Planting Density per Acre, Minimum |
|
|
Planting Density per Acre, Maximum |
|
|
Precipitation, Minimum |
16 |
|
Precipitation, Maximum |
60 |
|
Root Depth, Minimum (inches) |
12 |
|
Salinity Tolerance |
Medium |
|
Shade Tolerance |
Intolerant |
|
Temperature, Minimum (°F) |
7 |
|
|
|
|
Reproduction |
|
|
Bloom Period |
Mid Spring |
|
Commercial Availability |
Routinely Available |
|
Fruit/Seed Abundance |
High |
|
Fruit/Seed Period Begin |
Summer |
|
Fruit/Seed Period End |
Summer |
|
Fruit/Seed Persistence |
No |
|
Propagated by Bare Root |
No |
|
Propagated by Bulb |
No |
|
Propagated by Container |
No |
|
Propagated by Corm |
No |
|
Propagated by Cuttings |
No |
|
Propagated by Seed |
Yes |
|
Propagated by Sod |
No |
|
Propagated by Sprigs |
No |
|
Propagated by Tubers |
No |
|
Seed per Pound |
365120 |
|
Seed Spread Rate |
Slow |
|
Seedling Vigor |
Low |
|
Small Grain |
No |
|
Vegetative Spread Rate |
Moderate |
|
|
|
|
Suitability/Use |
|
|
Berry/Nut/Seed Product |
No |
|
Christmas Tree Product |
No |
|
Fodder Product |
No |
|
Fuelwood Product |
None |
|
Lumber Product |
No |
|
Naval Store Product |
No |
|
Nursery Stock Product |
No |
|
Palatable Browse Animal |
Medium |
|
Palatable Graze Animal |
Low |
|
Palatable Human |
No |
|
Post Product |
No |
|
Protein Potential |
Low |
|
Pulpwood Product |
No |
|
Veneer Product |
No |
|
|
|
|
Summary |
|
|
Duration |
Perennial |
|
Growth Habit |
Graminoid |
|
U.S. Nativity |
Native to U.S. |
|
Federal T/E Status |
|
|
National Wetland Indicator |
FACU, FACW- |
|
|
|
|
Morphology/Physiology |
|
|
Active Growth Period |
Spring and Fall |
|
After Harvest Regrowth Rate |
Moderate |
|
Bloat |
None |
|
C:N Ratio |
Medium |
|
Coppice Potential |
No |
|
Fall Conspicuous |
No |
|
Fire Resistant |
No |
|
Flower Color |
Yellow |
|
Flower Conspicuous |
No |
|
Foliage Color |
Green |
|
Foliage Porosity Summer |
Porous |
|
Foliage Porosity Winter |
Porous |
|
Foliage Texture |
Fine |
|
Fruit/Seed Color |
Brown |
|
Fruit/Seed Conspicuous |
No |
|
Growth Form |
Rhizomatous |
|
Growth Rate |
Moderate |
|
Height at 20 Years, Maximum (feet) |
|
|
Height, Mature (feet) |
2 |
|
Known Allelopath |
No |
|
Leaf Retention |
No |
|
Lifespan |
Long |
|
Low Growing Grass |
Yes |
|
Nitrogen Fixation |
|
|
Resprout Ability |
No |
|
Shape and Orientation |
Erect |
|
Toxicity |
None |
|
|
|
|
Growth Requirements |
|
|
Adapted to Coarse Textured Soils |
No |
|
Adapted to Fine Textured Soils |
Yes |
|
Adapted to Medium Textured Soils |
Yes |
|
Anaerobic Tolerance |
None |
|
CaCO3 Tolerance |
High |
|
Cold Stratification Required |
No |
|
Drought Tolerance |
Medium |
|
Fertility Requirement |
Medium |
|
Fire Tolerance |
High |
|
Frost Free Days, Minimum |
100 |
|
Hedge Tolerance |
None |
|
Moisture Use |
Low |
|
pH, Minimum |
5 |
|
pH, Maximum |
8 |
|
Planting Density per Acre, Minimum |
43560 |
|
Planting Density per Acre, Maximum |
43560 |
|
Precipitation, Minimum |
24 |
|
Precipitation, Maximum |
50 |
|
Root Depth, Minimum (inches) |
12 |
|
Salinity Tolerance |
Medium |
|
Shade Tolerance |
Tolerant |
|
Temperature, Minimum (°F) |
-43 |
|
|
|
|
Reproduction |
|
|
Bloom Period |
Late Spring |
|
Commercial Availability |
Routinely Available |
|
Fruit/Seed Abundance |
High |
|
Fruit/Seed Period Begin |
Summer |
|
Fruit/Seed Period End |
Summer |
|
Fruit/Seed Persistence |
No |
|
Propagated by Bare Root |
No |
|
Propagated by Bulb |
No |
|
Propagated by Container |
No |
|
Propagated by Corm |
No |
|
Propagated by Cuttings |
No |
|
Propagated by Seed |
Yes |
|
Propagated by Sod |
Yes |
|
Propagated by Sprigs |
No |
|
Propagated by Tubers |
No |
|
Seed per Pound |
176495 |
|
Seed Spread Rate |
Slow |
|
Seedling Vigor |
Low |
|
Small Grain |
No |
|
Vegetative Spread Rate |
Moderate |
|
|
|
|
Suitability/Use |
|
|
Berry/Nut/Seed Product |
No |
|
Christmas Tree Product |
No |
|
Fodder Product |
No |
|
Fuelwood Product |
None |
|
Lumber Product |
No |
|
Naval Store Product |
No |
|
Nursery Stock Product |
No |
|
Palatable Browse Animal |
Low |
|
Palatable Graze Animal |
Low |
|
Palatable Human |
No |
|
Post Product |
No |
|
Protein Potential |
Medium |
|
Pulpwood Product |
No |
|
Veneer Product |
No |
|
|
|
|
Summary |
|
|
Duration |
Perennial |
|
Growth Habit |
Graminoid |
|
U.S. Nativity |
Native to U.S. |
|
Federal T/E Status |
|
|
National Wetland Indicator |
FACU, FACW- |
|
|
|
|
Morphology/Physiology |
|
|
Active Growth Period |
Spring and Fall |
|
After Harvest Regrowth Rate |
Moderate |
|
Bloat |
None |
|
C:N Ratio |
Medium |
|
Coppice Potential |
No |
|
Fall Conspicuous |
No |
|
Fire Resistant |
No |
|
Flower Color |
Yellow |
|
Flower Conspicuous |
No |
|
Foliage Color |
Green |
|
Foliage Porosity Summer |
Moderate |
|
Foliage Porosity Winter |
Porous |
|
Foliage Texture |
Fine |
|
Fruit/Seed Color |
Brown |
|
Fruit/Seed Conspicuous |
No |
|
Growth Form |
Rhizomatous |
|
Growth Rate |
Moderate |
|
Height at 20 Years, Maximum (feet) |
|
|
Height, Mature (feet) |
2.3 |
|
Known Allelopath |
No |
|
Leaf Retention |
No |
|
Lifespan |
Moderate |
|
Low Growing Grass |
Yes |
|
Nitrogen Fixation |
|
|
Resprout Ability |
No |
|
Shape and Orientation |
Semi-Erect |
|
Toxicity |
None |
|
|
|
|
Growth Requirements |
|
|
Adapted to Coarse Textured Soils |
No |
|
Adapted to Fine Textured Soils |
Yes |
|
Adapted to Medium Textured Soils |
Yes |
|
Anaerobic Tolerance |
None |
|
CaCO3 Tolerance |
Medium |
|
Cold Stratification Required |
No |
|
Drought Tolerance |
Medium |
|
Fertility Requirement |
Medium |
|
Fire Tolerance |
High |
|
Frost Free Days, Minimum |
90 |
|
Hedge Tolerance |
None |
|
Moisture Use |
Medium |
|
pH, Minimum |
5 |
|
pH, Maximum |
8 |
|
Planting Density per Acre, Minimum |
43560 |
|
Planting Density per Acre, Maximum |
43560 |
|
Precipitation, Minimum |
30 |
|
Precipitation, Maximum |
60 |
|
Root Depth, Minimum (inches) |
12 |
|
Salinity Tolerance |
Low |
|
Shade Tolerance |
Tolerant |
|
Temperature, Minimum (°F) |
-43 |
|
|
|
|
Reproduction |
|
|
Bloom Period |
Mid Spring |
|
Commercial Availability |
Routinely Available |
|
Fruit/Seed Abundance |
High |
|
Fruit/Seed Period Begin |
Spring |
|
Fruit/Seed Period End |
Summer |
|
Fruit/Seed Persistence |
No |
|
Propagated by Bare Root |
No |
|
Propagated by Bulb |
No |
|
Propagated by Container |
No |
|
Propagated by Corm |
No |
|
Propagated by Cuttings |
No |
|
Propagated by Seed |
Yes |
|
Propagated by Sod |
Yes |
|
Propagated by Sprigs |
No |
|
Propagated by Tubers |
No |
|
Seed per Pound |
377994 |
|
Seed Spread Rate |
Slow |
|
Seedling Vigor |
Medium |
|
Small Grain |
No |
|
Vegetative Spread Rate |
Moderate |
|
|
|
|
Suitability/Use |
|
|
Berry/Nut/Seed Product |
No |
|
Christmas Tree Product |
No |
|
Fodder Product |
No |
|
Fuelwood Product |
None |
|
Lumber Product |
No |
|
Naval Store Product |
No |
|
Nursery Stock Product |
No |
|
Palatable Browse Animal |
Medium |
|
Palatable Graze Animal |
Low |
|
Palatable Human |
No |
|
Post Product |
No |
|
Protein Potential |
Low |
|
Pulpwood Product |
No |
|
Veneer Product |
No |
|
Kingdom Plantae -- Plants |
|
Subkingdom Tracheobionta -- Vascular plants |
|
Superdivision Spermatophyta -- Seed plants |
|
Division Magnoliophyta -- Flowering plants |
|
Class Liliopsida -- Monocotyledons |
|
Subclass Commelinidae |
|
Order Cyperales |
|
Family Poaceae -- Grass family |
|
Genus Festuca L. -- fescue P |
|
Species Festuca rubra L. -- red fescue P |
Alternate Names
Please consult PLANTS for infraspecific taxa.
Uses
Erosion control: Red fescue is an excellent soil binder and used extensively for stabilizing waterways, slopes, banks, cuts, and fills.
Recreation and beautification: This grass is used as a turf for lawns, athletic fields, golf courses, and playgrounds.
Crop: It is used as a cover crop in orchards.
Status
Please consult the PLANTS Web site and your State Department of Natural Resources for this plant’s current status (e.g. threatened or endangered species, state noxious status, and wetland indicator values).
Description
Festuca rubra L., red fescue, is a cool season, sod-forming grass. Leaves of red fescue are bright green, wiry, and narrow. They are pressed together in a “V” shape and appear nearly round. Stems are usually bent at the reddish or purplish base and grow about 2 feet tall. The panicle seedhead is contracted or narrow.
Adaptation and Distribution
This grass is hardy, wear-resistant, and shade tolerant. It is drought resistant after establishment, and adapted to sandy and acid soils. It prefers well-drained soils, but requires ample moisture for establishment. Its prime area of use in the Northeast consists of New York, Ohio, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, and the New England states. In the other states of the Northeast region, the grass is adapted to the cooler zones. In areas of high temperatures and humidity, the grass may turn brown or deteriorate during the summer. It will generally recover in the fall when temperature and moisture conditions are more favorable.
For a current distribution map, please consult the Plant Profile page for this species on the PLANTS Website.
Establishment
Red fescue is rarely seeded in pure stands. Instead, it is used with grasses and legumes for specific purposes, such as lawns, erosion control, or recreational areas. Seedbed preparation, fertilizing, liming, rate and dates of seeding, and weed control requirements are generally governed by the companion grasses in the mixture. When red fescues are added to a mixture they usually constitute 25 to 60 % of the mixture by weight. In shaded areas, red fescue is often the key grass in the mixture.
Management
To maintain stand vigor and density on lawns and recreational areas, apply fertilizers at the recommended rate annually. For critical erosion areas, less frequent use of fertilizers may be satisfactory. When red fescue dominates a stand, mowing consistently below 1-1/2 inches can cause severe damage to the stand.
Pests and Potential Problems
There are no serious pests of red fescue.
Cultivars, Improved, and Selected Materials (and area of origin)
‘Illahee’ (England), ‘Pennlawn’ (Europe), ‘Rainier’, and ‘Trinity’. The common varieties are readily available from commercial sources.
Prepared By & Species Coordinator:
USDA NRCS Plant Materials Program
Edited: 05Feb2002 JLK; 25may06jsp
https://plants.usda.govhttps://Plant-Materials.nrcs.usda.gov
Attribution: U.S. Department of Agriculture
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