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Plant Guide
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Summary |
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Duration |
Perennial |
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Growth Habit |
Graminoid |
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U.S. Nativity |
Introduced to U.S. |
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Federal T/E Status |
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National Wetland Indicator |
UPL, FACU |
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Morphology/Physiology |
|
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Active Growth Period |
Spring |
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After Harvest Regrowth Rate |
Moderate |
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Bloat |
None |
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C:N Ratio |
Medium |
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Coppice Potential |
No |
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Fall Conspicuous |
No |
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Fire Resistant |
No |
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Flower Color |
Yellow |
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Flower Conspicuous |
No |
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Foliage Color |
Green |
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Foliage Porosity Summer |
Moderate |
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Foliage Porosity Winter |
Porous |
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Foliage Texture |
Coarse |
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Fruit/Seed Color |
Brown |
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Fruit/Seed Conspicuous |
No |
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Growth Form |
Bunch |
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Growth Rate |
Moderate |
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Height at 20 Years, Maximum (feet) |
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Height, Mature (feet) |
4 |
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Known Allelopath |
No |
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Leaf Retention |
No |
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Lifespan |
Moderate |
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Low Growing Grass |
No |
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Nitrogen Fixation |
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Resprout Ability |
No |
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Shape and Orientation |
Erect |
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Toxicity |
None |
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Growth Requirements |
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Adapted to Coarse Textured Soils |
Yes |
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Adapted to Fine Textured Soils |
Yes |
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Adapted to Medium Textured Soils |
Yes |
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Anaerobic Tolerance |
None |
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CaCO3 Tolerance |
High |
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Cold Stratification Required |
No |
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Drought Tolerance |
Medium |
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Fertility Requirement |
Low |
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Fire Tolerance |
High |
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Frost Free Days, Minimum |
90 |
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Hedge Tolerance |
None |
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Moisture Use |
Medium |
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pH, Minimum |
5 |
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pH, Maximum |
7 |
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Planting Density per Acre, Minimum |
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Planting Density per Acre, Maximum |
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Precipitation, Minimum |
32 |
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Precipitation, Maximum |
50 |
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Root Depth, Minimum (inches) |
14 |
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Salinity Tolerance |
Low |
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Shade Tolerance |
Intermediate |
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Temperature, Minimum (°F) |
-38 |
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Reproduction |
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Bloom Period |
Early Summer |
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Commercial Availability |
No Known Source |
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Fruit/Seed Abundance |
High |
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Fruit/Seed Period Begin |
Spring |
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Fruit/Seed Period End |
Summer |
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Fruit/Seed Persistence |
No |
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Propagated by Bare Root |
No |
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Propagated by Bulb |
No |
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Propagated by Container |
No |
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Propagated by Corm |
No |
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Propagated by Cuttings |
No |
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Propagated by Seed |
Yes |
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Propagated by Sod |
No |
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Propagated by Sprigs |
No |
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Propagated by Tubers |
No |
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Seed per Pound |
189120 |
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Seed Spread Rate |
Moderate |
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Seedling Vigor |
High |
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Small Grain |
No |
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Vegetative Spread Rate |
None |
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Suitability/Use |
|
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Berry/Nut/Seed Product |
No |
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Christmas Tree Product |
No |
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Fodder Product |
Yes |
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Fuelwood Product |
None |
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Lumber Product |
No |
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Naval Store Product |
No |
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Nursery Stock Product |
No |
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Palatable Browse Animal |
Medium |
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Palatable Graze Animal |
High |
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Palatable Human |
No |
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Post Product |
No |
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Protein Potential |
Medium |
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Pulpwood Product |
No |
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Veneer Product |
No |
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Summary |
|
|
Duration |
Perennial |
|
Growth Habit |
Graminoid |
|
U.S. Nativity |
Introduced to U.S. |
|
Federal T/E Status |
|
|
National Wetland Indicator |
UPL, FACU |
|
|
|
|
Morphology/Physiology |
|
|
Active Growth Period |
Spring |
|
After Harvest Regrowth Rate |
Moderate |
|
Bloat |
None |
|
C:N Ratio |
Medium |
|
Coppice Potential |
No |
|
Fall Conspicuous |
No |
|
Fire Resistant |
No |
|
Flower Color |
Yellow |
|
Flower Conspicuous |
No |
|
Foliage Color |
Green |
|
Foliage Porosity Summer |
Moderate |
|
Foliage Porosity Winter |
Porous |
|
Foliage Texture |
Medium |
|
Fruit/Seed Color |
Brown |
|
Fruit/Seed Conspicuous |
No |
|
Growth Form |
Bunch |
|
Growth Rate |
Moderate |
|
Height at 20 Years, Maximum (feet) |
|
|
Height, Mature (feet) |
4 |
|
Known Allelopath |
No |
|
Leaf Retention |
No |
|
Lifespan |
Moderate |
|
Low Growing Grass |
No |
|
Nitrogen Fixation |
|
|
Resprout Ability |
No |
|
Shape and Orientation |
Erect |
|
Toxicity |
None |
|
|
|
|
Growth Requirements |
|
|
Adapted to Coarse Textured Soils |
Yes |
|
Adapted to Fine Textured Soils |
Yes |
|
Adapted to Medium Textured Soils |
Yes |
|
Anaerobic Tolerance |
None |
|
CaCO3 Tolerance |
High |
|
Cold Stratification Required |
No |
|
Drought Tolerance |
Medium |
|
Fertility Requirement |
Low |
|
Fire Tolerance |
High |
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Frost Free Days, Minimum |
145 |
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Hedge Tolerance |
None |
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Moisture Use |
Medium |
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pH, Minimum |
5.3 |
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pH, Maximum |
7.3 |
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Planting Density per Acre, Minimum |
|
|
Planting Density per Acre, Maximum |
|
|
Precipitation, Minimum |
32 |
|
Precipitation, Maximum |
45 |
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Root Depth, Minimum (inches) |
14 |
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Salinity Tolerance |
Low |
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Shade Tolerance |
Tolerant |
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Temperature, Minimum (°F) |
-43 |
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|
|
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Reproduction |
|
|
Bloom Period |
Early Summer |
|
Commercial Availability |
No Known Source |
|
Fruit/Seed Abundance |
High |
|
Fruit/Seed Period Begin |
Spring |
|
Fruit/Seed Period End |
Summer |
|
Fruit/Seed Persistence |
Yes |
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Propagated by Bare Root |
No |
|
Propagated by Bulb |
No |
|
Propagated by Container |
No |
|
Propagated by Corm |
No |
|
Propagated by Cuttings |
No |
|
Propagated by Seed |
Yes |
|
Propagated by Sod |
No |
|
Propagated by Sprigs |
No |
|
Propagated by Tubers |
No |
|
Seed per Pound |
189120 |
|
Seed Spread Rate |
Moderate |
|
Seedling Vigor |
High |
|
Small Grain |
No |
|
Vegetative Spread Rate |
None |
|
|
|
|
Suitability/Use |
|
|
Berry/Nut/Seed Product |
No |
|
Christmas Tree Product |
No |
|
Fodder Product |
Yes |
|
Fuelwood Product |
None |
|
Lumber Product |
No |
|
Naval Store Product |
No |
|
Nursery Stock Product |
No |
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Palatable Browse Animal |
Medium |
|
Palatable Graze Animal |
High |
|
Palatable Human |
No |
|
Post Product |
No |
|
Protein Potential |
Medium |
|
Pulpwood Product |
No |
|
Veneer Product |
No |
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Kingdom Plantae -- Plants |
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Subkingdom Tracheobionta -- Vascular plants |
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Superdivision Spermatophyta -- Seed plants |
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Division Magnoliophyta -- Flowering plants |
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Class Liliopsida -- Monocotyledons |
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Subclass Commelinidae |
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Order Cyperales |
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Family Poaceae -- Grass family |
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Genus Arrhenatherum Beauv. -- oatgrass P |
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Species Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) Beauv. ex J.& K. Presl -- tall oatgrass P |
Uses
Erosion control: Tall oatgrass is a useful conservation grass for cover and forage on surface mined lands and marginal pastureland.
Livestock: Tall oatgrass can be used for livestock forage beginning in its second growing season; however, it is not recommended as a major component of forage seedings as other grasses are superior for this purpose.
Status
Please consult the PLANTS Web site and your State Department of Natural Resources for this plant’s current status (e.g. threatened or endangered species, state noxious status, and wetland indicator values).
Description
Arrhenatherum elatius, tall oatgrass, is a perennial, cool-season bunchgrass generally grown in Europe where it once was a component of the grasslands. Culms are erect, from 3 to 5 feet tall. Leaf blades, from 3/8 to 3/4 inches wide, are flat and rough to the touch. Seed heads are narrow panicles 6 to 10 inches long with long, twisted, angled, exposed awns.
Adaptation and Distribution
Introduced from Europe in the early 1800s, tall oatgrass has become naturalized in meadows, fields, open ground, waste places, and roadsides from Newfoundland to British Columbia, south to Georgia, Louisiana, New Mexico, and California. For a current distribution map, please consult the Plant Profile page for this species on the PLANTS Web site.
Establishment
Tall oatgrass is easily established, adapted to excessively drained low fertility soils, and compatible with legumes. A firm, weed-free seedbed is necessary for good stands. Spring seedings produce best results as the seedlings are not winter hardy. Seeding rates should range from 5 to 8 pounds pure live seed using hulled seed. Seed should be planted approximately 1/4 inch deep and cultipacked.
Management
Apply lime and fertilizer according to soil test results when seeding and for maintenance. Use of herbicides in the establishment year to control broadleaf weeds will improve success of the planting. Mow or graze for control in subsequent years.
Pests and Potential Problems
Tall oatgrass is highly resistant to disease and insects.
Cultivars, Improved, and Selected Materials (and area of origin)
Seed is available from commercial seed producers.
Prepared By & Species Coordinator:
USDA NRCS Plant Materials Program
Edited: 31Jan2002 JLK; 31may06jsp
https://plants.usda.govhttps://Plant-Materials.nrcs.usda.gov
Attribution: U.S. Department of Agriculture
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